Lower gastrointestinal bleeding risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of lower GI bleeding include advancing age, previous history of gastrointestinal | Common risk factors in the development of lower GI bleeding include advancing age, previous history of gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic [[constipation]], [[Hematologic diseases|hematologic disorders]], medications such as [[Anticoagulants|anticoagulants medications]], [[non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]], and [[HIV AIDS|human immunodeficiency virus infection]]. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Revision as of 14:54, 26 December 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of lower GI bleeding include advancing age, previous history of gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic constipation, hematologic disorders, medications such as anticoagulants medications, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of lower GI bleeding include:[1][2][3][4]
- Advancing age
- Previous history of gastrointestinal bleed
- Chronic constipation
- Hematologic disorders
- Anticoagulants medications
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Human immunodeficiency virus infection
| Risk factor | Pathophysiology of bleeding |
| Chronic constipation | Results in colonic diverticula and predispose patients to anal fissures and hemorrhoid formation |
| Hematologic disorders | Deficiencies in clotting factors, such as factor VII and factor VIII, predispose persons to LGIB |
| Anticoagulants medications | Patients taking warfarin and heparin, aspirin, and platelet inhibitors are at increased risk of bleeding in general |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | NSAIDs cause ulceration in the terminal ileum and proximal colon, and can exacerbate IBD |
| Human immunodeficiency virus | In patients with HIV, bleeding is caused by opportunistic infections, cytomegalovirus colitis, Kaposi sarcoma, or lymphoma |
References
- ↑ Navuluri R, Kang L, Patel J, Van Ha T (2012). "Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding". Semin Intervent Radiol. 29 (3): 178–86. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1326926. PMC 3577586. PMID 23997409.
- ↑ Strate LL (2005). "Lower GI bleeding: epidemiology and diagnosis". Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 34 (4): 643–64. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2005.08.007. PMID 16303575.
- ↑ Ríos A, Montoya MJ, Rodríguez JM, Serrano A, Molina J, Ramírez P, Parrilla P (2007). "Severe acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: risk factors for morbidity and mortality". Langenbecks Arch Surg. 392 (2): 165–71. doi:10.1007/s00423-006-0117-6. PMID 17131153.
- ↑ Strate LL, Orav EJ, Syngal S (2003). "Early predictors of severity in acute lower intestinal tract bleeding". Arch. Intern. Med. 163 (7): 838–43. doi:10.1001/archinte.163.7.838. PMID 12695275.