Cholangitis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{FH}}, {{ADS}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{FH}}, {{ADS}}
{{Cholangitis}}
{{Cholangitis}}
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===Mortality rate===
===Mortality rate===
*In 1980, the mortality rate of acute cholangitis was more than 50%, 10-30% in 1981-91, 2.7-10% after 2000<ref name="pmid2218831">{{cite journal| author=Thompson JE, Pitt HA, Doty JE, Coleman J, Irving C| title=Broad spectrum penicillin as an adequate therapy for acute cholangitis. | journal=Surg Gynecol Obstet | year= 1990 | volume= 171 | issue= 4 | pages= 275-82 | pmid=2218831 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2218831  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23307004">{{cite journal| author=Kimura Y, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Pitt HA, Gouma DJ, Garden OJ et al.| title=TG13 current terminology, etiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. | journal=J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 20 | issue= 1 | pages= 8-23 | pmid=23307004 | doi=10.1007/s00534-012-0564-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23307004  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18769362">{{cite journal| author=Salek J, Livote E, Sideridis K, Bank S| title=Analysis of risk factors predictive of early mortality and urgent ERCP in acute cholangitis. | journal=J Clin Gastroenterol | year= 2009 | volume= 43 | issue= 2 | pages= 171-5 | pmid=18769362 | doi=10.1097/MCG.0b013e318157c62c | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18769362  }} </ref>
*In 1980, the mortality rate of acute cholangitis was more than 50%, 10-30% in 1981-91, 2.7-10% after 2000.<ref name="pmid2218831">{{cite journal| author=Thompson JE, Pitt HA, Doty JE, Coleman J, Irving C| title=Broad spectrum penicillin as an adequate therapy for acute cholangitis. | journal=Surg Gynecol Obstet | year= 1990 | volume= 171 | issue= 4 | pages= 275-82 | pmid=2218831 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2218831  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23307004">{{cite journal| author=Kimura Y, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Pitt HA, Gouma DJ, Garden OJ et al.| title=TG13 current terminology, etiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. | journal=J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 20 | issue= 1 | pages= 8-23 | pmid=23307004 | doi=10.1007/s00534-012-0564-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23307004  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18769362">{{cite journal| author=Salek J, Livote E, Sideridis K, Bank S| title=Analysis of risk factors predictive of early mortality and urgent ERCP in acute cholangitis. | journal=J Clin Gastroenterol | year= 2009 | volume= 43 | issue= 2 | pages= 171-5 | pmid=18769362 | doi=10.1097/MCG.0b013e318157c62c | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18769362  }} </ref>


===Age===
===Age===
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*The prevalence of cholangitis does not vary by race.
*The prevalence of cholangitis does not vary by race.


===Developed Countries===
===Developed countries===
*In Western countries, about 15% of all people have gallstones in their [[gallbladder]], but the majority are unaware of this and have no symptoms.<ref name="pmid10381713">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bateson MC |title=Fortnightly review: gallbladder disease |journal=BMJ |volume=318 |issue=7200 |pages=1745–8 |year=1999 |pmid=10381713 |pmc=1116086 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*In Western countries, about 15% of all people have gallstones in their [[gallbladder]], but the majority are unaware of this and have no symptoms.<ref name="pmid10381713">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bateson MC |title=Fortnightly review: gallbladder disease |journal=BMJ |volume=318 |issue=7200 |pages=1745–8 |year=1999 |pmid=10381713 |pmc=1116086 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Incidence rates range between 0.41 and 1.2 per 100,000 people per year.<ref name="urlThe prevalence, incidence and natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis in an ethnically diverse population | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text">{{cite web |url=http://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-230X-11-83 |title=The prevalence, incidence and natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis in an ethnically diverse population &#124; BMC Gastroenterology &#124; Full Text |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*Incidence rates range between 0.41 and 1.2 per 100,000 people per year.<ref name="urlThe prevalence, incidence and natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis in an ethnically diverse population | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text">{{cite web |url=http://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-230X-11-83 |title=The prevalence, incidence and natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis in an ethnically diverse population &#124; BMC Gastroenterology &#124; Full Text |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>


===Underdeveloped Countries===  
===Underdeveloped countries===  
*[[Parasites]], specifically including the species ''Ascaris'', ''Opisthorchis'', ''Clonorchis'', ''Fasciola'' and ''Echinococcus'', are commonly associated with cholangitis outside of the United States.<ref name="urlRadioGraphics: Biliary Infections: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Management">{{cite web |url=http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/rg.297095051 |title=RadioGraphics: Biliary Infections: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Management |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>   
*[[Parasites]], specifically including the species ''Ascaris'', ''Opisthorchis'', ''Clonorchis'', ''Fasciola'' and ''Echinococcus'', are commonly associated with cholangitis outside of the United States.<ref name="urlRadioGraphics: Biliary Infections: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Management">{{cite web |url=http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/rg.297095051 |title=RadioGraphics: Biliary Infections: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Management |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>   
**''Ascaris'' is thought to be the etiologic agent of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis found in Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, Columbia, Italy, and South Africa.
**''Ascaris'' is thought to be the etiologic agent of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis found in Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, Columbia, Italy, and South Africa.
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Revision as of 15:35, 28 December 2017


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farwa Haideri [2], Amandeep Singh M.D.[3]

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Overview

Cholangitis is most prevalent in adults, with roughly 20% of the population suffering from some form of abdominal pain from gallstones passing through the bile duct into the digestive tract.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

  • Within a span of ten years, 15–26% of people will suffer at least one episode of biliary colic, abdominal pain due to the passage of gallstones through the bile duct into the digestive tract.[1]
  • 2–3% of people will develop complications of obstruction in the form of acute cholangitis.
  • The prevalence of gallstone diseases increase with age and body mass index, a marker of obesity.
    • The risk is also increased in those who lose weight rapidly (after weight loss surgery, for example) due to alterations in the composition of the bile that makes it prone to form stones.

Mortality rate

  • In 1980, the mortality rate of acute cholangitis was more than 50%, 10-30% in 1981-91, 2.7-10% after 2000.[2][3][4]

Age

  • The condition mostly occurs in adults, with a reported median age at onset of 50-60 years.[1]

Gender

  • Gallstones are slightly more common in women than in men, and pregnancy increases the risk further.[1]

Race

  • The prevalence of cholangitis does not vary by race.

Developed countries

  • In Western countries, about 15% of all people have gallstones in their gallbladder, but the majority are unaware of this and have no symptoms.[1]
  • Incidence rates range between 0.41 and 1.2 per 100,000 people per year.[5]

Underdeveloped countries

  • Parasites, specifically including the species Ascaris, Opisthorchis, Clonorchis, Fasciola and Echinococcus, are commonly associated with cholangitis outside of the United States.[6]
    • Ascaris is thought to be the etiologic agent of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis found in Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, Columbia, Italy, and South Africa.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Bateson MC (1999). "Fortnightly review: gallbladder disease". BMJ. 318 (7200): 1745–8. PMC 1116086. PMID 10381713.
  2. ↑ Thompson JE, Pitt HA, Doty JE, Coleman J, Irving C (1990). "Broad spectrum penicillin as an adequate therapy for acute cholangitis". Surg Gynecol Obstet. 171 (4): 275–82. PMID 2218831.
  3. ↑ Kimura Y, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Pitt HA, Gouma DJ, Garden OJ; et al. (2013). "TG13 current terminology, etiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis". J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 20 (1): 8–23. doi:10.1007/s00534-012-0564-0. PMID 23307004.
  4. ↑ Salek J, Livote E, Sideridis K, Bank S (2009). "Analysis of risk factors predictive of early mortality and urgent ERCP in acute cholangitis". J Clin Gastroenterol. 43 (2): 171–5. doi:10.1097/MCG.0b013e318157c62c. PMID 18769362.
  5. ↑ "The prevalence, incidence and natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis in an ethnically diverse population | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text".
  6. ↑ "RadioGraphics: Biliary Infections: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Management".


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