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** The fluid gathering all together in the belly with visible movement along with the movements of body - called '''''ascites.''''' | ** The fluid gathering all together in the belly with visible movement along with the movements of body - called '''''ascites.''''' | ||
* In 25 BC, Philip of Epirus, promised to cure the certain friend of king Antigonus with ascites. Philip cured the patient with devouring poultices and drinking his own urine. The basis of his treatment was thirst, rest, and abstinence.<ref name="Jarcho1958">{{cite journal|last1=Jarcho|first1=Saul|title=Ascites as described by Aulus Cornelius Celsus (ca. A.D. 30)|journal=The American Journal of Cardiology|volume=2|issue=4|year=1958|pages=507–508|issn=00029149|doi=10.1016/0002-9149(58)90339-4}}</ref> | * In 25 BC, Philip of Epirus, promised to cure the certain friend of king Antigonus with ascites. Philip cured the patient with devouring poultices and drinking his own urine. The basis of his treatment was thirst, rest, and abstinence.<ref name="Jarcho1958">{{cite journal|last1=Jarcho|first1=Saul|title=Ascites as described by Aulus Cornelius Celsus (ca. A.D. 30)|journal=The American Journal of Cardiology|volume=2|issue=4|year=1958|pages=507–508|issn=00029149|doi=10.1016/0002-9149(58)90339-4}}</ref> | ||
* 2000 years ago, Celsus, the Roman encyclopedist explain the first treatment procedure for ascites. He described a bronze tube with a specific collar to drain the abdominal fluid.<ref name="MenckenConn1985">{{cite journal|last1=Mencken|first1=H. L.|last2=Conn|first2=Harold O.|title=The paracentesis pendulum|journal=Hepatology|volume=5|issue=3|year=1985|pages=521–522|issn=02709139|doi=10.1002/hep.1840050331}}</ref> | |||
* In 1906, Frederick Maberly reported large amounts of fluid drained from ascites patient abdomen for the first time. The procedure was consisted of simultaneous paracentesis while patients sit on adjacent shoeshine chairs.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Maberly|first=Frederick|date=April 21, 1906|title=A case of ascites tapped 69 times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BpNMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1108&lpg=PA1108&dq=maberly+A+case+of+ascites+tapped+69+times+lancet&source=bl&ots=gKZ_cJDZRk&sig=WgDGzy7CVxG092XOBhYD985lwEg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjomZLq_cDYAhXj5IMKHd4aCEsQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=maberly%20A%20case%20of%20ascites%20tapped%2069%20times%20lancet&f=false|journal=The Lancet|volume=|pages=1108|via=}}</ref> | |||
* In 1935, Daniel Darrow, an American pediatrician, suggested the role of sodium restriction in the treatment of ascites.<ref name="DarrowYannet1935">{{cite journal|last1=Darrow|first1=Daniel C.|last2=Yannet|first2=Herman|title=THE CHANGES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF BODY WATER ACCOMPANYING INCREASE AND DECREASE IN EXTRACELLULAR ELECTROLYTE|journal=Journal of Clinical Investigation|volume=14|issue=2|year=1935|pages=266–275|issn=0021-9738|doi=10.1172/JCI100674}}</ref> | |||
* In 1936, Robert Alexander McCance, a British biochemist, found the passive nature of water movement and the the importance of sodium ion in ascites.<ref name="McCance1936">{{cite journal|last1=McCance|first1=R. A.|title=Experimental Sodium Chloride Deficiency in Man|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=119|issue=814|year=1936|pages=245–268|issn=0962-8452|doi=10.1098/rspb.1936.0009}}</ref> | |||
* In 1947, John Layne, an American physician, described 20 patients with ascites which were treated by ''low sodium acid-ash diet''.<ref name="pmid18897334">{{cite journal |vauthors=LAYNE JA, SCHEMM FR |title=The use of a high fluid intake and a low-sodium acid-ash diet in the management of portal cirrhosis with ascites |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=705–17 [Discussion 749–53] |year=1947 |pmid=18897334 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* | |||
== Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies == | == Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies == | ||
* About 20 BC, Aulus Cornelius Celsus (A.D. 30), a Roman encyclopedist explained in his book "'''''De Medicina'''''" mentioned that [[ascites]] was relieved in slaves more easily than freemen. Because slaves can endure thirst, hunger, and other troublesome more than unserviceable freedom. | * About 20 BC, Aulus Cornelius Celsus (A.D. 30), a Roman encyclopedist explained in his book "'''''De Medicina'''''" mentioned that [[ascites]] was relieved in slaves more easily than freemen. Because slaves can endure thirst, hunger, and other troublesome more than unserviceable freedom. | ||
Revision as of 14:58, 5 January 2018
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Ascites Microchapters |
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Ascites historical perspective On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
- About 20 BC, Aulus Cornelius Celsus (A.D. 30), a Roman encyclopedist explained in his book "De Medicina" three different types of fluid accumulation under the skin; which was called hydrops by Greeks. Celsus postulated that ascites is mostly secondary to quartan fever (malaria) in Rome.[1]
- Very tense belly with frequent noise of the wind movement sound - called tympanites.
- Uneven swelling and rising up in the body - called leukophlegmasia or hyposarca.
- The fluid gathering all together in the belly with visible movement along with the movements of body - called ascites.
- In 25 BC, Philip of Epirus, promised to cure the certain friend of king Antigonus with ascites. Philip cured the patient with devouring poultices and drinking his own urine. The basis of his treatment was thirst, rest, and abstinence.[1]
- 2000 years ago, Celsus, the Roman encyclopedist explain the first treatment procedure for ascites. He described a bronze tube with a specific collar to drain the abdominal fluid.[2]
- In 1906, Frederick Maberly reported large amounts of fluid drained from ascites patient abdomen for the first time. The procedure was consisted of simultaneous paracentesis while patients sit on adjacent shoeshine chairs.[3]
- In 1935, Daniel Darrow, an American pediatrician, suggested the role of sodium restriction in the treatment of ascites.[4]
- In 1936, Robert Alexander McCance, a British biochemist, found the passive nature of water movement and the the importance of sodium ion in ascites.[5]
- In 1947, John Layne, an American physician, described 20 patients with ascites which were treated by low sodium acid-ash diet.[6]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- About 20 BC, Aulus Cornelius Celsus (A.D. 30), a Roman encyclopedist explained in his book "De Medicina" mentioned that ascites was relieved in slaves more easily than freemen. Because slaves can endure thirst, hunger, and other troublesome more than unserviceable freedom.
- The principles of treatment for ascites were explained as thirst, rest, and abstinence. Drinking less fluid and sweating more, not with exercise, but with heated sand, or in the sweating-room, or with a dry oven and such- like were the other alternative therapies.
- Pills composed of wormwood two parts and myrrh one part were given on an empty stomach to treat refractory types of ascites.
- Various remedies for ascites were postulated as the followings:
- Iris root
- Spikenard
- Saffron
- Cinnamon
- Cassia
- Myrrh
- Balsam,
- Galbanum
- Ladanum
- Oenanthe
- Opopanax
- Cardamon
- Ebony
- Cypress seeds
- Taminian grape (Greeks call staphisagra)
- Southern wood
- Rose leaves
- Sweet flag root
- Bitter almonds
- Goat’s marjoram
- Styrax
- The quantity of fluid input and output had to be measured and recorded daily.
- Abdomen circumference was also measured on a daily basis.[7]
Famous Cases
- In 1827, Ludwig van Beethoven involved in ascites and underwent large volumes of paracenteses. His physician write about him as "Beethoven had almost immediate relief, and when he saw the stream of water [during paracentesis], cried out that the operation made him think of Moses, who struck the rock with his staff and made the water gush forth."
- 2 days later Beethoven died and autopsy showed cirrhosis and splenomegaly as "shrunken liver to half its normal volume…it was beset with knots the size of a bean…the spleen was double its proper size and dark colored and firm."[8]
- The cirrhotic ascites, secondary to chronic alcohol and drug use, decreased life span in jazz musicians; result in dramatic influence on the history of jazz music.[9]
- Charlie Parker died from cirrhotic ascites at 35 years of age in 1955.
- John Coltrane (inventor of avant-garde jazz) died with ascites secondary to hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma at 41 years of age in 1967.
- Stan Getz in 1990 and Steve Lacy in 2004, both saxophone stylists, died from hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Bill Evans, a lyrical pianist, died of cirrhotic complications.
- The famous Four Brothers from the Woody Herman band (Stan Getz, Al Cohn, Serge Chaloff, and Zoot Sims) all died from cirrhosis complications.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Jarcho, Saul (1958). "Ascites as described by Aulus Cornelius Celsus (ca. A.D. 30)". The American Journal of Cardiology. 2 (4): 507–508. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(58)90339-4. ISSN 0002-9149.
- ↑ Mencken, H. L.; Conn, Harold O. (1985). "The paracentesis pendulum". Hepatology. 5 (3): 521–522. doi:10.1002/hep.1840050331. ISSN 0270-9139.
- ↑ Maberly, Frederick (April 21, 1906). "A case of ascites tapped 69 times". The Lancet: 1108.
- ↑ Darrow, Daniel C.; Yannet, Herman (1935). "THE CHANGES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF BODY WATER ACCOMPANYING INCREASE AND DECREASE IN EXTRACELLULAR ELECTROLYTE". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 14 (2): 266–275. doi:10.1172/JCI100674. ISSN 0021-9738.
- ↑ McCance, R. A. (1936). "Experimental Sodium Chloride Deficiency in Man". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 119 (814): 245–268. doi:10.1098/rspb.1936.0009. ISSN 0962-8452.
- ↑ LAYNE JA, SCHEMM FR (1947). "The use of a high fluid intake and a low-sodium acid-ash diet in the management of portal cirrhosis with ascites". Gastroenterology. 9 (6): 705–17 [Discussion 749–53]. PMID 18897334.
- ↑ "CelsusDe Medicina". New England Journal of Medicine. 213 (20): 991–991. 1935. doi:10.1056/NEJM193511142132014. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Adams, Paul C. (1987). "Historical hepatology: Ludwig van Beethoven". Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2 (4): 375–379. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00176.x. ISSN 0815-9319.
- ↑ Adams PC (2009). "The lost years: the impact of cirrhosis on the history of jazz". Can J Gastroenterol. 23 (6): 405–6. PMC 2721805. PMID 19543568.