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| * [[Antispasmodic]]<nowiki/>drugs | | * [[Antispasmodic]]<nowiki/>drugs |
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| ===Differentiating diverticulitis from diseases causing chronic diarrhea===
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| The following diseases must be differentiated from diverticulitis presenting with chronic diarrhea.<ref name="pmid8209928">{{cite journal| author=Konvolinka CW| title=Acute diverticulitis under age forty. | journal=Am J Surg | year= 1994 | volume= 167 | issue= 6 | pages= 562-5 | pmid=8209928 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8209928 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16151544">{{cite journal| author=Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Ahmad T, Arnott ID, Bernstein CN, Brant SR et al.| title=Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology. | journal=Can J Gastroenterol | year= 2005 | volume= 19 Suppl A | issue= | pages= 5A-36A | pmid=16151544 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16151544 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16698746">{{cite journal| author=Satsangi J, Silverberg MS, Vermeire S, Colombel JF| title=The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: controversies, consensus, and implications. | journal=Gut | year= 2006 | volume= 55 | issue= 6 | pages= 749-53 | pmid=16698746 | doi=10.1136/gut.2005.082909 | pmc=1856208 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16698746 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12700377">{{cite journal| author=Haque R, Huston CD, Hughes M, Houpt E, Petri WA| title=Amebiasis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2003 | volume= 348 | issue= 16 | pages= 1565-73 | pmid=12700377 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra022710 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12700377 }} </ref><ref name="pmid12700377">{{cite journal| author=Haque R, Huston CD, Hughes M, Houpt E, Petri WA| title=Amebiasis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2003 | volume= 348 | issue= 16 | pages= 1565-73 | pmid=12700377 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra022710 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12700377 }} </ref>
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Cause
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| ! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |History
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| ! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Laboratory findings
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| ! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Diagnosis
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| ! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Treatment
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| |[[Diverticulitis]]
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| * [[Bloody diarrhea]]
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| * Left lower quadrant [[abdominal pain]]
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| * [[Abdominal tenderness]] on [[physical examination]]
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| * Low grade [[fever]]
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| * [[Leukocytosis]]
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| * Elevated serum [[amylase]] and [[lipase]]
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| * [[Sterile]] [[pyuria]] on [[urinalysis]]
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| |Abdominal [[CT scan]] with oral and intravenous [[Contrast medium|(IV) contrast]]
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| Bowel rest, [[Intravenous fluids|IV fluid]] resuscitation, and [[Broad-spectrum antibiotic|broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy]] that covers [[Anaerobic organism|anaerobic]] [[bacteria]] and [[gram-negative]] [[Bacteria|rods]]
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| *A 7-10 day course of oral, broad-spectrum [[antibiotic]] therapy is the first line of therapy for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis.<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Mandell | first1 = Gerald L. | last2 = Bennett | first2 = John E. (John Eugene) | last3 = Dolin | first3 = Raphael. | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious disease | date = 2010 | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | isbn = 978-0-443-06839-3 | pages = }}</ref>
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| *Hospital admission is indicated for elderly patients and patients with multiple comorbidities, [[Immunocompromised|compromised immune systems]], inability to tolerate oral [[hydration]], or failure to improve despite appropriate [[antibiotic therapy]].
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| *Hospitalized patients often require bowel rest, [[nasogastric tube]] placement, and [[parenteral]] [[antibiotics]].<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Mandell | first1 = Gerald L. | last2 = Bennett | first2 = John E. (John Eugene) | last3 = Dolin | first3 = Raphael. | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious disease | date = 2010 | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | isbn = 978-0-443-06839-3 | pages = }}</ref>
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| *Outpatients should be advised to follow a liquid diet for 2-3 days, after which a regular diet may be resumed slowly.
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| |[[Ulcerative colitis]]
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| * [[Diarrhea]] mixed with [[blood]] and [[mucus]], of gradual onset.
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| * Signs of [[weight loss]]
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| * [[Rectal pain|Rectal urgency]]
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| * [[Tenesmus]]
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| * [[Blood]] is often noticed on underwear
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| * Different degrees of [[abdominal pain]]
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| * [[Anemia]]
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| * [[Thrombocytosis]]
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| * A high [[platelet]] count
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| * Elevated [[ESR]] (>30mm/hr)
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| * Low [[albumin]]
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| |[[Endoscopy]]
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| * Induction of [[Remission (medicine)|remission]] with [[mesalamine]] and [[corticosteroids]] followed by the administration of [[sulfasalazine]] and [[Mercaptopurine|6-Mercaptopurine]] depending on the severity of the [[disease]].
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| |[[Amoebiasis]]
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| * [[Abdominal cramps]]
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| * [[Diarrhea]]
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| ** Passage of 3 - 8 semiformed [[stools]] per day
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| ** Passage of soft [[stools]] with [[mucus]] and occasional [[blood]]
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| * [[Fatigue]]
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| * [[Intestinal]] gas (excessive [[flatus]])
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| * [[Rectal pain]] while having a [[bowel movement]] ([[tenesmus]])
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| * Unintentional [[weight loss]]
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| |Cysts shed with the stool
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| |Detects [[amoeba]] [[DNA]] in feces
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| |[[Amebic dysentery]]
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| * [[Metronidazole]] 500-750mg three times a day for 5-10 days
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| * [[Tinidazole]] 2g once a day for 3 days is an alternative to [[metronidazole]]
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| Luminal amebicides for ''[[E. histolytica]]'' in the [[colon]]:
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| * [[Paromomycin]] 500mg three times a day for 10 days
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| * [[Diloxanide furoate]] 500mg three times a day for 10 days
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| * [[Iodoquinol]] 650mg three times a day for 20 days
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| For [[Amoebiasis|amebic liver abscess]]:
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| * [[Metronidazole]] 400mg three times a day for 10 days
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| * [[Tinidazole]] 2g once a day for 6 days is an alternative to [[metronidazole]]
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| * [[Diloxanide furoate]] 500mg three times a day for 10 days must always be given afterwards.
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2],Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [3], Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [4], Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [5]
Overview
Diverticulitis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause lower abdominal pain and fever like appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, cystitis, and endometritis. Diverticulitis must be also differentiated from diseases causing peritonitis.
Differentiating Diverticulitis from other Diseases
Diverticulitis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause lower abdominal pain and fever. Diverticulitis must be also differentiated from diseases causing peritonitis.
Differentiating diverticulitis from diseases causing lower abdominal pain and fever
Diverticulitis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause lower abdominal pain and fever like appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, cystitis, and endometritis.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Differentiating diverticulitis from diseases causing peritonitis
The following table differentiates diverticulitis from other diseases causing peritonitis: