Inguinal hernia natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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===Complications===
===Complications===
*Common complications of inguinal hernia include:<ref name="pmid18244999">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jenkins JT, O'Dwyer PJ |title=Inguinal hernias |journal=BMJ |volume=336 |issue=7638 |pages=269–72 |year=2008 |pmid=18244999 |pmc=2223000 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39450.428275.AD |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21187992">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chowbey PK, Pithawala M, Khullar R, Sharma A, Soni V, Baijal M |title=Complications in groin hernia surgery and the way out |journal=J Minim Access Surg |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=174–7 |year=2006 |pmid=21187992 |pmc=2999781 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Common complications of inguinal hernia include:<ref name="pmid18244999">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jenkins JT, O'Dwyer PJ |title=Inguinal hernias |journal=BMJ |volume=336 |issue=7638 |pages=269–72 |year=2008 |pmid=18244999 |pmc=2223000 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39450.428275.AD |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21187992">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chowbey PK, Pithawala M, Khullar R, Sharma A, Soni V, Baijal M |title=Complications in groin hernia surgery and the way out |journal=J Minim Access Surg |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=174–7 |year=2006 |pmid=21187992 |pmc=2999781 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="RuhlEverhart2007">{{cite journal|last1=Ruhl|first1=C. E.|last2=Everhart|first2=J. E.|title=Risk Factors for Inguinal Hernia among Adults in the US Population|journal=American Journal of Epidemiology|volume=165|issue=10|year=2007|pages=1154–1161|issn=0002-9262|doi=10.1093/aje/kwm011}}</ref>
**Bruising and haematoma
**Bruising and haematoma
**Chronic and persisting pain  
**Chronic and persisting pain  
**Infertility
**Infertility
**Incarceration
**Bowel obstruction
**Bowel strangulation
**Postoperative complications
**Postoperative complications
***Seroma / hematoma formation  
***Seroma / hematoma formation  

Revision as of 20:51, 16 January 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]

Overview

If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

OR

Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

OR

Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

  • The symptoms of inguinal hernia usually develop in the 4th decade of life, and start with symptoms such as bulging, heaviness, burning, or aching in the groin.
  • If left untreated, patients with inguinal hernia may progress to develop incarceration, strangulation.[1]

Complications

  • Common complications of inguinal hernia include:[2][3][4]
    • Bruising and haematoma
    • Chronic and persisting pain
    • Infertility
    • Incarceration
    • Bowel obstruction
    • Bowel strangulation
    • Postoperative complications
      • Seroma / hematoma formation
      • Urinary retention
      • Neuralgias
      • Testicular pain and swelling
      • Mesh infection and wound infection
      • Recurrence

Prognosis

  • Prognosis is generally good, and mortalilty is very rare.

References

  1. ↑ Svendsen SW, Frost P, Vad MV, Andersen JH (2013). "Risk and prognosis of inguinal hernia in relation to occupational mechanical exposures--a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence". Scand J Work Environ Health. 39 (1): 5–26. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3305. PMID 22643828.
  2. ↑ Jenkins JT, O'Dwyer PJ (2008). "Inguinal hernias". BMJ. 336 (7638): 269–72. doi:10.1136/bmj.39450.428275.AD. PMC 2223000. PMID 18244999.
  3. ↑ Chowbey PK, Pithawala M, Khullar R, Sharma A, Soni V, Baijal M (2006). "Complications in groin hernia surgery and the way out". J Minim Access Surg. 2 (3): 174–7. PMC 2999781. PMID 21187992.
  4. ↑ Ruhl, C. E.; Everhart, J. E. (2007). "Risk Factors for Inguinal Hernia among Adults in the US Population". American Journal of Epidemiology. 165 (10): 1154–1161. doi:10.1093/aje/kwm011. ISSN 0002-9262.

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