Anal fissure physical examination: Difference between revisions
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*[[Anoscopy]]/[[proctoscopy]] can be done with topical anesthesia with [[lidocaine]] jelly to examine/rule out internal [[hemorrhoids]].<ref name="pmid29132530">{{cite journal |vauthors=Davies D, Bailey J |title=Diagnosis and Management of Anorectal Disorders in the Primary Care Setting |journal=Prim. Care |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=709–720 |year=2017 |pmid=29132530 |doi=10.1016/j.pop.2017.07.012 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27041801">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schlichtemeier S, Engel A |title=Anal fissure |journal=Aust Prescr |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=14–7 |year=2016 |pmid=27041801 |pmc=4816871 |doi=10.18773/austprescr.2016.007 |url=}}</ref> | *[[Anoscopy]]/[[proctoscopy]] can be done with topical anesthesia with [[lidocaine]] jelly to examine/rule out internal [[hemorrhoids]].<ref name="pmid29132530">{{cite journal |vauthors=Davies D, Bailey J |title=Diagnosis and Management of Anorectal Disorders in the Primary Care Setting |journal=Prim. Care |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=709–720 |year=2017 |pmid=29132530 |doi=10.1016/j.pop.2017.07.012 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27041801">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schlichtemeier S, Engel A |title=Anal fissure |journal=Aust Prescr |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=14–7 |year=2016 |pmid=27041801 |pmc=4816871 |doi=10.18773/austprescr.2016.007 |url=}}</ref> | ||
====Inspection==== | ====Inspection==== | ||
*On inspection, there is a breach in the skin. A laceration can be seen usually in the posterior midline in 90% of patients while in the remaining 10% of patients in the anterior midline. | *On inspection, there is a breach in the skin. A laceration can be seen usually in the posterior midline in 90% of patients while in the remaining 10% of patients in the anterior midline.<ref>{{cite book | last = Bope | first = Edward | title = Conn's current therapy 2018 | publisher = Elsevier | location = Philadelphia | year = 2018 | isbn = 978-0323527699 }}</ref> | ||
*Acute anal fissures appear as fresh laceration while chronic have raised margins.<ref name="pmid27041801" /> | *Acute anal fissures appear as fresh laceration while chronic have raised margins.<ref name="pmid27041801" /> | ||
*Chronic anal fissures may have a skin tag also. | *Chronic anal fissures may have a skin tag also. | ||
====Palpation==== | ====Palpation==== | ||
*Anal fissures are usually exquisitely tender and the patient is scared to touch them or let physician examine. | *Anal fissures are usually exquisitely tender and the patient is scared to touch them or let physician examine. | ||
Revision as of 17:48, 17 January 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2]
Overview
Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
Physical Examination
- Physical examination of patients with anal fissure is usually remarkable for painful skin laceration, skin tags in the chronic anal fissure.
Appearance of the patient
- Patients with anal fissure usually appear in pain.
Vital Signs
- Tachycardia with regular pulse(in pain).
Skin
- Skin examination of patients with anal fissure:
- Perianal skin can be inflamed.
HEENT
- HEENT examination of patients with anal fissure is usually normal.
Neck
- Neck examination of patients with anal fissure is usually normal.
Lungs
- Pulmonary examination of patients with anal fissure is usually normal.
Heart
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with anal fissure is usually normal.
Abdomen
Abdominal examination of patients with anal fissure is usually normal.
Back
- Back examination of patients with anal fissure is usually normal.
Genitourinary
- Genitourinary examination of patients with anal fissure is usually normal.
Local/anal examination
 |
 |
- The examination should be done when the patient is lying in the lateral position. The digital rectal examination is contraindicated in many patients considering the amount of pain.
- Anoscopy/proctoscopy can be done with topical anesthesia with lidocaine jelly to examine/rule out internal hemorrhoids.[3][4]
Inspection
- On inspection, there is a breach in the skin. A laceration can be seen usually in the posterior midline in 90% of patients while in the remaining 10% of patients in the anterior midline.[5]
- Acute anal fissures appear as fresh laceration while chronic have raised margins.[4]
- Chronic anal fissures may have a skin tag also.
Palpation
- Anal fissures are usually exquisitely tender and the patient is scared to touch them or let physician examine.
Neuromuscular
- Neuromuscular examination of patients with anal fissure is usually normal.
Extremities
- Extremities examination of patients with anal fissure is usually normal.
References
- ↑ https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8885756
- ↑ https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5148617
- ↑ Davies D, Bailey J (2017). "Diagnosis and Management of Anorectal Disorders in the Primary Care Setting". Prim. Care. 44 (4): 709–720. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2017.07.012. PMID 29132530.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Schlichtemeier S, Engel A (2016). "Anal fissure". Aust Prescr. 39 (1): 14–7. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2016.007. PMC 4816871. PMID 27041801.
- ↑ Bope, Edward (2018). Conn's current therapy 2018. Philadelphia: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0323527699.