Hepatocellular carcinoma Echocardiography or Ultrasound: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
==Ultrasound Findings== | ==Ultrasound Findings== | ||
*Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is being adapted for screening and enhancing minimally invasive diagnostic | *Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is being adapted for screening and enhancing minimally invasive diagnostic studies. Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma include:<ref name="pmid25444099">{{cite journal |vauthors=Malhi H, Grant EG, Duddalwar V |title=Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the liver and kidney |journal=Radiol. Clin. North Am. |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=1177–90 |year=2014 |pmid=25444099 |doi=10.1016/j.rcl.2014.07.005 |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlHepatocellular Carcinoma - W. Y. Lau - Google Books">{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9812707999&hl=en |title=Hepatocellular Carcinoma - W. Y. Lau - Google Books |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="TerziSalvatore2015">{{cite journal|last1=Terzi|first1=Eleonora|last2=Salvatore|first2=Veronica|last3=Negrini|first3=Giulia|last4=Piscaglia|first4=Fabio|title=Ongoing challenges in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma|journal=Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology|volume=10|issue=4|year=2015|pages=451–463|issn=1747-4124|doi=10.1586/17474124.2016.1124758}}</ref> | ||
**Small hypoechoic [[lesion]] with poorly defined margins and coarse irregular internal echoes. | **Small hypoechoic [[lesion]] with poorly defined margins and coarse irregular internal echoes. | ||
**When the tumor increases in size it appears heterogeneous with [[fibrosis]], fatty change, or [[Calcification|calcifications]]. | **When the tumor increases in size it appears heterogeneous with [[fibrosis]], fatty change, or [[Calcification|calcifications]]. | ||
Revision as of 17:32, 19 January 2018
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma Microchapters |
|
Differentiating Hepatocellular carcinoma from other Diseases |
|---|
|
Diagnosis |
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma Echocardiography or Ultrasound On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hepatocellular carcinoma Echocardiography or Ultrasound |
|
FDA on Hepatocellular carcinoma Echocardiography or Ultrasound |
|
CDC on Hepatocellular carcinoma Echocardiography or Ultrasound |
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma Echocardiography or Ultrasound in the news |
|
Blogs on Hepatocellular carcinoma Echocardiography or Ultrasound |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Hepatocellular carcinoma Echocardiography or Ultrasound |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dildar Hussain, MBBS [2]
Overview
On ultrasonography, changes in the liver contour and increased nodularity may be evident. The echo texture may appear coarse along with an increase in echogenecity from focal fatty changes and irregular appearing areas with fibrosis, fatty change, or calcifications.
Echocardiography
- Echocardiograms may be helpful in the measurement of ejection fraction and identification of ischemic and hypokinetic areas of the ventricles. This is useful in establishing a diagnosis of congestive cardiac failurebecause of the underlying cause of liver cirrhosis.
- Contrast echocardiography is a useful diagnostic test for hepatopulmonary syndrome:
- Intravenous microbubbles (> 10 micrometers in diameter) from agitated normal saline that are normally obstructed by pulmonary capillaries (normally <8 to 15 micrometers) rapidly transit the lung and appear in the left atrium of the heart within 7 heart beats.
- Intravenous technetium-99m–labeled albumin may transit the lungs and appear in the kidney and brain.
Ultrasound Findings
- Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is being adapted for screening and enhancing minimally invasive diagnostic studies. Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma include:[1][2][3]
- Small hypoechoic lesion with poorly defined margins and coarse irregular internal echoes.
- When the tumor increases in size it appears heterogeneous with fibrosis, fatty change, or calcifications.
- Infiltrative HCC may be difficult to differentiate from background cirrhosis.
Contrast enhanced ultrasound
The following phases are noted on the contrast enhanced ultrasonography of hepatocellular carcinoma:[4]
| Phases | Findings |
|---|---|
| Arterial Phase | Enhanced arteries due to neovascularity |
| Portal Venous Phase | Weak echogenicity relative to the background liver is noted after the washout
Tumor thrombus may be visible |
References
- ↑ Malhi H, Grant EG, Duddalwar V (2014). "Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the liver and kidney". Radiol. Clin. North Am. 52 (6): 1177–90. doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2014.07.005. PMID 25444099.
- ↑ "Hepatocellular Carcinoma - W. Y. Lau - Google Books".
- ↑ Terzi, Eleonora; Salvatore, Veronica; Negrini, Giulia; Piscaglia, Fabio (2015). "Ongoing challenges in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma". Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 10 (4): 451–463. doi:10.1586/17474124.2016.1124758. ISSN 1747-4124.
- ↑ Malhi H, Grant EG, Duddalwar V (2014). "Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the liver and kidney". Radiol. Clin. North Am. 52 (6): 1177–90. doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2014.07.005. PMID 25444099.