Inguinal hernia pathophysiology

Inguinal hernia Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR

[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

• It is understood that indirected inguinal hernia is caused by:
  • Passes through internal inguinal ring, traverses inguinal canal to external ring
  • May extend into scrotum in males and labia major in females
  • Passes lateral to inferior epigastric vessels and has an oblique inferior course
  • Considered a congenital defect and associated with a patent processus vaginalis
• It is understood that directed inguinal hernia is caused by:
  • Protrusion through Hesselbach triangle
  • Generally does not extend into scrotum
  • Passes medial to inferior epigastric vessels
  • Considered an acquired defect

Predisposing factors •Being male •Having muscle weakness from birth along with a hernia sac •Having muscle weakness from aging •Having one or more inguinal hernia

Precipitating factors •Being overweight or having a recent,large weight loss •Having weak abdominal muscles from poor diet, lack of exercise or both •Straining during urination or bowel movements •Chronic cough,such as from smoking

Incresed pressure in the compartment of the abdomen in develops

Intra-abdominal wall of inguinal canal into the scrotum becomes weakend

Causing the inguinal ring not to close

Evolves into a hole or defect

Fat or part of the small intestine slides through the inguinal canal

Swollen or enlarged scrotum

Feeling of weakness or pressure in the groin

Pain or discomfort

Genetics

• Genes involved in the pathogenesis of inguinal hernia include microdeletion disorders such as 22q11.2 microdeletion.

Microscopic Pathology

• On microscopic histopathological analysis, inflammatory infiltration, vascular damage and regressive nerve lesions, fibrohyaline degeneration and fatty dystrophy of the muscle fibers are characteristic findings of inguinal hernia.