Dysphagia risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

Dysphagia risk factors

The risk factors for dysphagia are classified as follows:

• Aging
• Dementia
• Stroke
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Hiatal hernia
• Scleroderma
• Alcohol consumption
• Consuming drinks that contain caffeine

• Medications:

• Anticholinergics (e.g. for seasickness)
• Beta blockers for high blood pressure or heart disease
• Bronchodilators for asthma
• Calcium channel blockers for high blood pressure
• Dopamine-active drugs for Parkinson's disease
• Progestin for abnormal menstrual bleeding or birth control
• Sedatives for insomnia or anxiety
• Tricyclic antidepressants