Revision as of 20:33, 30 January 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Overview

	Hernia Landing page
Patient Information
Classification Inguinal hernia Femoral hernia Umbilical hernia Diaphragmatic hernia Incisional hernia Others
Differential Diagnosis
CNS Hernia Brain Hernia Lumbar Disc Hernia
Diaphragmatic Hernia Bochdalek Hernia Morgagni Hernia
Hiatal Hernia Sliding Hernia Paraesophageal Hernias
Lumbar Hernia Petit's Hernia Grynfeltt's Hernia
Abdominal Hernia Umbilical Hernia Epigastric Hernia Spigelian Hernia Incisional Hernia Amyand's Hernia Richter's Hernia Parastomal Hernia
Pelvic Hernia Inguinal Hernia Obturator Hernia Perineal Hernia Incisional Hernia Femoral Hernia Sciatic Hernia

Hernia is abnormal protrusion of an organ through another one. Hernias may be congenital or acquired. Based on the protruded organ and the location of the protrusion, the hernia would be classified into inguinal, femoral, umbilical, diaphragmatic, incisional, and other hernias. Different kinds of hernias, such as central nervous system (CNS), diaphragmatic, lumbar, abdominal, and pelvic hernias have to be differentiated upon various history, symptoms, and physical examination findings.

Classification

Major classification of hernias in human body.

Hernia

CNS

Diaphragmatic

Lumbar

Abdominal

Pelvic

Differential Diagnosis

Different kinds of hernias, such as central nervous system (CNS), diaphragmatic, lumbar, abdominal, and pelvic hernias have to be differentiated upon various history, symptoms, and physical examination findings.

Location	Diseases	History and Symptoms						Physical Examination				Laboratory Findings			Definition
		Neurological		GI				Neurological		GI		Laboratory Findings
		Confusion	Paresthesia	Dysphagia	Heartburn	Nausea	Bowel habits	Loss of Consciousness	Straight leg raise (SLR)	Mass protrusion	Tenderness/Rebound tenderness	Leukocytosis	CRP	ESR
Brain	Brain hernia	+	+	+	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	Brain tissue herniation through foramen magnum
Diaphragmatic	Hiatal hernia	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	Stomach herniation through diaphragm
Diaphragmatic	Sliding hernia	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Esophagus herniation through diaphragm
Lumbar	Lumbar disc hernia	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	Nucleus pulposus herniation through annulus fibrosus
Abdominal	Umbilical hernia	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	Bowels herniation through umbilicus
	Epigastric hernia	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	Bowels herniation through epigastric abdominal wall
	Spigelian hernia	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	Bowels herniation through lateral abdominal wall
	Amyand's hernia	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	Appendix vermiformis herniation through abdominal wall
	Littre's hernia	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	Meckel's diverticulum herniation through abdominal wall
	Richter's hernia	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	Bowels herniation and strangulation through abdominal wall
	Parastomal hernia	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	Bowels herniation through stoma in the abdominal wall
Pelvic	Inguinal hernia	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	Bowels herniation through inguinal ring
	Obturator hernia	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	Viscera herniation through obturator canal
	Perineal hernia	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	Viscera herniation through pelvic floor
	Femoral hernia	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	Bowels herniation through femoral ring
	Sciatic hernia	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	+	+	-	+	Viscera herniation through sciatic canal

References

Template:WH Template:WS

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{EG}}
-'''''Synonyms and Keywords: '''''Hernia, Congenital hernia.
 =Overview=
-Hernia is abnormal protrusion of an organ through another one. Hernias may be congenital or acquired. Based on the protruded organ and the location of the protrusion, the hernia would be classified into inguinal, femoral, umbilical, diaphragmatic, incisional, and other hernias.
+Hernia is abnormal protrusion of an [[organ]] through another one. Hernias may be [[Congenital disorder|congenital]] or [[acquired]]. Based on the protruded organ and the location of the protrusion, the hernia would be classified into [[Inguinal hernia|inguinal]], [[Femoral hernia|femoral]], [[Umbilical hernia|umbilical]], [[Diaphragmatic hernia|diaphragmatic]], [[Incisional hernia|incisional]], and other hernias. Different kinds of hernias, such as [[central nervous system|central nervous system (CNS)]], [[diaphragmatic hernia|diaphragmatic]], [[lumbar]], [[abdominal]], and [[pelvic]] hernias have to be differentiated upon various history, symptoms, and [[physical examination]] findings.
 =Classification=
+=== Major classification of hernias in human body. ===
 {{familytree/start}}
 {{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01='''[[Hernia]]'''}}
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 {{familytree | | | B01 | | | | | | B02 | | | | | | B03 | | B04 | | | | | | | | B05 | | | | | | | | | |B01='''''[[CNS]]'''''|B02='''''[[diaphragmatic hernia|Diaphragmatic]]'''''|B03='''''[[Lumbar]]'''''|B04='''''[[Abdominal]]'''''|B05='''''[[Pelvic]]'''''}}
 {{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |!| |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | |}}
-{{familytree | C01 | | C11 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 |!| C06 | | C07 | | C08 | | C09 | | C10 | |C01=[[Brain hernia]]|C02=[[Hiatal hernia]]|C03=[[Sliding hernias of the stomach|Sliding hernia]]|C04=[[Petit's hernia]]|C05=[[Grynfeltt's hernia]]|C06=[[Inguinal hernia]]|C07=[[Obturator hernia]]|C08=[[Perineal hernia]]|C09=[[Femoral hernia]]|C10=[[Sciatic hernia]]|C11=[[Lumbar disc herniation]]}}
+{{familytree | C01 | | C11 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 |!| C06 | | C07 | | C08 | | C09 | | C10 | |C01=[[Brain hernia]]|C02=[[Hiatal hernia]]|C03=[[Sliding hernias of the stomach|Sliding hernia]]|C04=[[Petit's hernia]]|C05=[[Grynfeltt's hernia]]|C06=[[Inguinal hernia]]|C07=[[Obturator hernia]]|C08=[[Perineal hernia]]|C09=[[Femoral hernia]]|C10=[[Sciatic hernia]]|C11=[[Lumbar disc herniation|Lumbar disc hernia]]}}
 {{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
 {{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 =Differential Diagnosis=
-* Different kinds of hernias, such as [[Brain]], [[diaphragmatic hernia|diaphragmatic]], [[Lumbar]], [[Abdominal]], and [[Pelvic]] hernias have to be differentiated upon various history, symptoms, and physical examination findings.
+* Different kinds of hernias, such as [[central nervous system|central nervous system (CNS)]], [[diaphragmatic hernia|diaphragmatic]], [[lumbar]], [[abdominal]], and [[pelvic]] hernias have to be differentiated upon various history, symptoms, and physical examination findings.
 <small>
 {|

Hernia: Difference between revisions