Neonatal jaundice natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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===Complications=== | ===Complications=== | ||
*Common complications of neonatal jaundice include the following: | *Common complications of neonatal jaundice include the following: | ||
**Acute bilirubin encephalopathy:<ref name="pmid9027422">{{cite journal| author=Chuniaud L, Dessante M, Chantoux F, Blondeau JP, Francon J, Trivin F| title=Cytotoxicity of bilirubin for human fibroblasts and rat astrocytes in culture. Effect of the ratio of bilirubin to serum albumin. | journal=Clin Chim Acta | year= 1996 | volume= 256 | issue= 2 | pages= 103-14 | pmid=9027422 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9027422 }}</ref><ref name="pmid2196140">{{cite journal| author=Bratlid D| title=How bilirubin gets into the brain. | journal=Clin Perinatol | year= 1990 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 449-65 | pmid=2196140 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2196140 }}</ref> | **Acute bilirubin encephalopathy:<ref name="pmid9027422">{{cite journal| author=Chuniaud L, Dessante M, Chantoux F, Blondeau JP, Francon J, Trivin F| title=Cytotoxicity of bilirubin for human fibroblasts and rat astrocytes in culture. Effect of the ratio of bilirubin to serum albumin. | journal=Clin Chim Acta | year= 1996 | volume= 256 | issue= 2 | pages= 103-14 | pmid=9027422 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9027422 }}</ref><ref name="pmid2196140">{{cite journal| author=Bratlid D| title=How bilirubin gets into the brain. | journal=Clin Perinatol | year= 1990 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 449-65 | pmid=2196140 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2196140 }}</ref><ref name="pmid8947954">{{cite journal| author=Hoffman DJ, Zanelli SA, Kubin J, Mishra OP, Delivoria-Papadopoulos M| title=The in vivo effect of bilirubin on the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor/ion channel complex in the brains of newborn piglets. | journal=Pediatr Res | year= 1996 | volume= 40 | issue= 6 | pages= 804-8 | pmid=8947954 | doi=10.1203/00006450-199612000-00005 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8947954 }}</ref> | ||
***Bilirubin is toxic to the brain and high levels may cause acute bilirubin encephalopathy. | ***Bilirubin is toxic to the brain and high levels may cause acute bilirubin encephalopathy. | ||
***In the beginning, it may be asymptomatic or the infant is sleepy and hypotonic. | ***In the beginning, it may be asymptomatic or the infant is sleepy and hypotonic. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Naturla history, complicaions and prognosis
Natural history
- If left untreated, neonatal jaundice may develop bilirubin related encephalopathy.
Complications
- Common complications of neonatal jaundice include the following:
- Acute bilirubin encephalopathy:[1][2][3]
- Bilirubin is toxic to the brain and high levels may cause acute bilirubin encephalopathy.
- In the beginning, it may be asymptomatic or the infant is sleepy and hypotonic.
- If the encephalopathy not diagnosed early, more complications will develop as lethargy, seizures, inability to feed, and apnea in severe cases.
- It is better to diagnose it early in order not to develop severe cases of encephalopathy.
- Kernicterus:The effects of kernicterus range from fever, seizures, and a high-pitched crying to mental retardation. This is due to a staining effect on the basal ganglia leading to neuronal damage. With aggressive treatment such as exchange transfusion to lower very high bilirubin levels, the neurological effects are almost always transient.
- Acute bilirubin encephalopathy:[1][2][3]
Prognosis
- Prognosis of neonatal jaundice is excellent with receiving the proper treatment.
References
- ↑ Chuniaud L, Dessante M, Chantoux F, Blondeau JP, Francon J, Trivin F (1996). "Cytotoxicity of bilirubin for human fibroblasts and rat astrocytes in culture. Effect of the ratio of bilirubin to serum albumin". Clin Chim Acta. 256 (2): 103–14. PMID 9027422.
- ↑ Bratlid D (1990). "How bilirubin gets into the brain". Clin Perinatol. 17 (2): 449–65. PMID 2196140.
- ↑ Hoffman DJ, Zanelli SA, Kubin J, Mishra OP, Delivoria-Papadopoulos M (1996). "The in vivo effect of bilirubin on the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor/ion channel complex in the brains of newborn piglets". Pediatr Res. 40 (6): 804–8. doi:10.1203/00006450-199612000-00005. PMID 8947954.