Hernia: Difference between revisions
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Brain tissue]] herniation through [[foramen magnum]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Brain tissue]] herniation through [[foramen magnum]] | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Spinal disc herniation|Lumbar disc hernia]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Spinal disc herniation|Lumbar disc hernia]]<ref name="pmid20689695">{{cite journal| author=Schoenfeld AJ, Weiner BK| title=Treatment of lumbar disc herniation: Evidence-based practice. | journal=Int J Gen Med | year= 2010 | volume= 3 | issue= | pages= 209-14 | pmid=20689695 | doi= | pmc=2915533 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20689695 }} </ref> | ||
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Revision as of 16:28, 1 February 2018
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Hernia Landing page |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]
Overview
A hernia is “the protrusion of an organ, organic part, or other bodily structure through the wall that usually contains it.”[1] Hernias may be congenital or acquired. Based on the protruded body structure and the location of the protrusion, the hernia may be classified into inguinal, femoral, umbilical, diaphragmatic, incisional, and other hernias. Different kinds of hernias, such as central nervous system (CNS), diaphragmatic, lumbar, abdominal, and pelvic hernias have to be differentiated on the basis of clinical manifestations.
Classification
Major classification of hernias in human body.
Differential Diagnosis
- Different kinds of hernias, such as central nervous system (CNS), diaphragmatic, lumbar, abdominal, and pelvic hernias have to be differentiated upon various history, symptoms, and physical examination findings.
| Location | Diseases | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Definition | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neurological | GI | Neurological | GI | ||||||||||||
| Confusion | Paresthesia | Dysphagia | Heartburn | Nausea | Bowel habits | Loss of Consciousness | Straight leg raise (SLR) | Mass protrusion | Tenderness/Rebound tenderness | Leukocytosis | CRP | ESR | |||
| CNS | Brain hernia[2] | + | + | + | - | + | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | Brain tissue herniation through foramen magnum |
| Lumbar disc hernia[3] | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | Nucleus pulposus herniation through annulus fibrosus | |
| Hiatal[4] | Sliding hernia | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | Stomach herniation through diaphragm |
| Paraesophageal hernia | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Esophagus herniation through diaphragm | |
| Diaphragmatic[5] | Morgagni hernia | - | - | + | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Congenital herniation of stomach through left side of diaphragm |
| Bochdalek hernia | - | - | + | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Congenital herniation of stomach through left side of diaphragm | |
| Abdominal | Umbilical hernia[6] | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | + | + | + | + | - | Bowels herniation through umbilicus |
| Epigastric hernia[7] | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | + | + | + | + | - | Bowels herniation through epigastric abdominal wall | |
| Spigelian hernia[8] | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | + | + | + | + | - | Bowels herniation through lateral abdominal wall | |
| Amyand's hernia[9] | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | + | + | + | + | - | Appendix vermiformis herniation through abdominal wall | |
| Littre's hernia[10] | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | + | + | + | + | - | Meckel's diverticulum herniation through abdominal wall | |
| Richter's hernia[11] | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | + | + | + | + | + | Bowels herniation and strangulation through abdominal wall | |
| Parastomal hernia[12] | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | + | + | + | + | + | Bowels herniation through stoma in the abdominal wall | |
| Pelvic | Inguinal hernia[13] | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | Bowels herniation through inguinal ring |
| Obturator hernia[14] | - | + | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | Viscera herniation through obturator canal | |
| Perineal hernia[15] | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | Viscera herniation through pelvic floor | |
| Femoral hernia[16] | - | + | - | - | - | + | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | Bowels herniation through femoral ring | |
| Sciatic hernia[17] | - | + | - | - | - | + | - | + | - | + | + | - | + | Viscera herniation through sciatic canal | |
References
- ↑ Webster's new college dictionary. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2008. p. 531. ISBN 9780618396016.
- ↑ Fisher CM (1995). "Brain herniation: a revision of classical concepts". Can J Neurol Sci. 22 (2): 83–91. PMID 7627921.
- ↑ Schoenfeld AJ, Weiner BK (2010). "Treatment of lumbar disc herniation: Evidence-based practice". Int J Gen Med. 3: 209–14. PMC 2915533. PMID 20689695.
- ↑ Hyun JJ, Bak YT (2011). "Clinical significance of hiatal hernia". Gut Liver. 5 (3): 267–77. doi:10.5009/gnl.2011.5.3.267. PMC 3166665. PMID 21927653.
- ↑ "Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Overview - GeneReviews® - NCBI Bookshelf".
- ↑ Gonzalez R, Mason E, Duncan T, Wilson R, Ramshaw BJ (2003). "Laparoscopic versus open umbilical hernia repair". JSLS. 7 (4): 323–8. PMC 3021337. PMID 14626398.
- ↑ Muschaweck U (2003). "Umbilical and epigastric hernia repair". Surg. Clin. North Am. 83 (5): 1207–21. doi:10.1016/S0039-6109(03)00119-1. PMID 14533911.
- ↑ Mittal T, Kumar V, Khullar R, Sharma A, Soni V, Baijal M; et al. (2008). "[Not Available]". J Minim Access Surg. 4 (4): 95–8. PMC 2699222. PMID 19547696.
- ↑ Singal R, Gupta S (2011). ""Amyand's Hernia" - Pathophysiology, Role of Investigations and Treatment". Maedica (Buchar). 6 (4): 321–7. PMC 3391951. PMID 22879848.
- ↑ Skandalakis PN, Zoras O, Skandalakis JE, Mirilas P (2006). "Littre hernia: surgical anatomy, embryology, and technique of repair". Am Surg. 72 (3): 238–43. PMID 16553126.
- ↑ Skandalakis PN, Zoras O, Skandalakis JE, Mirilas P (2006). "Richter hernia: surgical anatomy and technique of repair". Am Surg. 72 (2): 180–4. PMID 16536253.
- ↑ Gillern S, Bleier JI (2014). "Parastomal hernia repair and reinforcement: the role of biologic and synthetic materials". Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 27 (4): 162–71. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1394090. PMC 4226750. PMID 25435825.
- ↑ Jenkins JT, O'Dwyer PJ (2008). "Inguinal hernias". BMJ. 336 (7638): 269–72. doi:10.1136/bmj.39450.428275.AD. PMC 2223000. PMID 18244999.
- ↑ Nakayama T, Kobayashi S, Shiraishi K, Nishiumi T, Mori S, Isobe K, Furuta Y (2002). "Diagnosis and treatment of obturator hernia". Keio J Med. 51 (3): 129–32. PMID 12371643.
- ↑ Levic K, Rosen KV, Bulut O, Bisgaard T (2017). "Low incidence of perineal hernia repair after abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer". Dan Med J. 64 (7). PMID 28673377.
- ↑ LUDINGTON LG (1958). "Femoral hernia and its management, with particular reference to its occurrence following inguinal herniorrhaphy". Ann Surg. 148 (5): 823–6. PMC 1450902. PMID 13595543.
- ↑ Kandpal H, Madhusudhan KS (2010). "Sciatic hernia causing sciatica: MRI and MR neurography showing entrapment of sciatic nerve". Br J Radiol. 83 (987): e65–6. doi:10.1259/bjr/47866965. PMC 3473559. PMID 20197431.