Jaundice history & symptoms: Difference between revisions
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**Hepatitis [[Hepatitis C|C]] | **Hepatitis [[Hepatitis C|C]] | ||
*History of [[Autoimmunity|autoimmune disorders]]: | *History of [[Autoimmunity|autoimmune disorders]]: | ||
**[[ | **[[Autoimmune hepatitis]] | ||
**[[Crohn's disease]] | **[[Crohn's disease]] | ||
*History of [[Blood transfusion|blood transfusions]] | *History of [[Blood transfusion|blood transfusions]] | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farnaz Khalighinejad, MD [2]
Overview
Common symptoms of jaundice that the patient will notice, is yellowing of the skin, nausea, and vomiting. Specific symptoms will depend on the underlying factor that caused jaundice to occur.
History and Symptoms
- Jaundice typically appears in a 'top to bottom' progression (starting with the face, progressing toward the feet), and resolves in a 'bottom to top' manner.
- The caregiver should ask questions regarding Alcohol or hepatotoxic medication use.
History
Patients with jaundice may have a positive history of:
Social history
- History of alcohol use:
- Amount
- Duration
- History of illicit drug use
- History of unprotected sexual intercourse
Past Medical history
- History of infections:[1]
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- History of autoimmune disorders:
- History of blood transfusions
Family history
- Family history of liver disease:
Medication history
- History of use of any hepatotoxic drugs
Common Symptoms
Common symptoms of jaundice include:
- Viral Hepatitis[2][3]
- Anorexia
- Dark urine
- Fatigue
- Light-colored stools (acholic stools)
- Pruritis
- Right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Cirrhosis[4][5]
- Right upper quadrant abdominal pain
- Fever
- Anorexia
- Fatigue and weakness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Weight loss
- Abdominal pain and bloating
- Menstrual irregularities
- Symptoms of hypogonadism:
- Impotence
- Infertility
- Testicular atrophy
- Loss of libido
- Easy bruisability
- Symptoms due to hepatic encephalopathy:
- Altered mental status
- Confusion
- Sleep disturbances
- Muscle cramps due to reduction in effective circulating plasma volume
- Lower extremity edema
- Primary biliary cirrhosis presents with the following symptoms:
- Pancreatic cancer[6]
- Weight Loss (significant)
- Midepigastric pain which may also radiate either to the lower back region and mid-back region
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Malaise
- Fatigue
- Loss of appetite
- Anorexia
- Dyspepsia
- Ascites
- Dark urine
- Light-colored or greasy stools
- Cholestasis[7]
- Cholangiocarcinoma [8]
Less Common Symptoms
Less common symptoms of jaundice include
- Decompensated cirrhosis[9]
- Increase in abdominal girth due to ascites
- Pruritus
- Signs of upper gastrointestinal bleeding:
References
- ↑ Flores YN, Lang CM, Salmerón J, Bastani R (2012). "Risk factors for liver disease and associated knowledge and practices among Mexican adults in the US and Mexico". J Community Health. 37 (2): 403–11. doi:10.1007/s10900-011-9457-4. PMID 21877109.
- ↑ Krugman S, Giles JP (1970). "Viral hepatitis. New light on an old disease". JAMA. 212 (6): 1019–29. PMID 4191502.
- ↑ Singal AK, Bataller R, Ahn J, Kamath PS, Shah VH (2018). "ACG Clinical Guideline: Alcoholic Liver Disease". Am. J. Gastroenterol. doi:10.1038/ajg.2017.469. PMID 29336434.
- ↑ Williams EJ, Iredale JP (1998). "Liver cirrhosis". Postgrad Med J. 74 (870): 193–202. PMC 2360862. PMID 9683971.
- ↑ Schuppan D, Afdhal NH (2008). "Liver cirrhosis". Lancet. 371 (9615): 838–51. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60383-9. PMC 2271178. PMID 18328931.
- ↑ Porta M, Fabregat X, Malats N, Guarner L, Carrato A, de Miguel A, Ruiz L, Jariod M, Costafreda S, Coll S, Alguacil J, Corominas JM, Solà R, Salas A, Real FX (2005). "Exocrine pancreatic cancer: symptoms at presentation and their relation to tumour site and stage". Clin Transl Oncol. 7 (5): 189–97. PMID 15960930.
- ↑ Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR (2012). "Pruritus in chronic cholestatic liver disease". Clin Liver Dis. 16 (2): 331–46. doi:10.1016/j.cld.2012.03.010. PMID 22541702.
- ↑ Patel T (2011). "Cholangiocarcinoma--controversies and challenges". Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 8 (4): 189–200. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2011.20. PMC 3888819. PMID 21460876.
- ↑ Bloom S, Kemp W, Lubel J (2015). "Portal hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management". Intern Med J. 45 (1): 16–26. doi:10.1111/imj.12590. PMID 25230084.