Ileus causes: Difference between revisions

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==Causes==
==Causes==
===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
The common causes of ileus include:<ref name="pmid28985845">{{cite journal |vauthors=Funder JA, Tolstrup R, Jepsen BN, Iversen LH |title=Postoperative paralytic ileus remains a problem following surgery for advanced pelvic cancers |journal=J. Surg. Res. |volume=218 |issue= |pages=167–173 |year=2017 |pmid=28985845 |doi=10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.044 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28261776">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aday U, Gündeş E, Değer KC, Çiyiltepe H, Kayıpmaz Ş, Duman M |title=A rare cause of ileus: late jejunal stricture following blunt abdominal trauma |journal=Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=74–76 |year=2017 |pmid=28261776 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27999957">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stakenborg N, Gomez-Pinilla PJ, Boeckxstaens GE |title=Postoperative Ileus: Pathophysiology, Current Therapeutic Approaches |journal=Handb Exp Pharmacol |volume=239 |issue= |pages=39–57 |year=2017 |pmid=27999957 |doi=10.1007/164_2016_108 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28025959">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boobés K, Rosa RM, Batlle D |title=Hypokalemia associated with acute colonic pseudo-obstruction in an ESRD patient |journal=Clin. Nephrol. |volume=87 (2017) |issue=3 |pages=152–156 |year=2017 |pmid=28025959 |doi=10.5414/CN109002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27870743">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guay J, Nishimori M, Kopp SL |title=Epidural Local Anesthetics Versus Opioid-Based Analgesic Regimens for Postoperative Gastrointestinal Paralysis, Vomiting, and Pain After Abdominal Surgery: A Cochrane Review |journal=Anesth. Analg. |volume=123 |issue=6 |pages=1591–1602 |year=2016 |pmid=27870743 |doi=10.1213/ANE.0000000000001628 |url=}}</ref>
* Any [[abdominal]] [[surgery]]
* Acute [[pancreatitis]]
* Acute [[pancreatitis]]
* [[Hypokalemia]]
* [[Hypokalemia]]
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* [[Uremia]]
* [[Uremia]]
* Uro[[sepsis]]
* Uro[[sepsis]]
* Trauma


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===

Revision as of 15:41, 5 February 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Common causes of ileus include surgery (major abdominal & non-abdominal operations), metabolic and electrolyte disturbances (hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia), endocrinological disorders (such as diabetes, hypoparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency), systemic disorders (such as myocardial infarction, pneumonia, renal failure) trauma, sepsis, drugs (such as opiates, anticholinergic agents, autonomic blockers, tricyclic antidepressants and general anesthesia).

Causes

Common Causes

The common causes of ileus include:[1][2][3][4][5]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Heart Attack
Chemical/Poisoning Lead poisoning, Thallium
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Anticholinergic drugs, Acetaminophen and Oxycodone, Antihistamines, Benzatropine, Ixabepilone, Ioxilan,Lanthanum carbonate, Loperamide, meclofenamate,Meropenem, Morphine, Olanzapine, Opiates, Pramipexole, Vinblastine
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Diabetic coma, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Hyperparathyroidism
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Adenomatous polyps, Annular pancreas, Appendicitis, Atresia, Biliary calculus, Cholecystitis, Cholecystolithiasis, Colon Cancer, Complications of intra-abdominal surgery, Congenital megacolon, Crohn's Disease, Diverticular stricture, Diverticulitis, Gallstone ileus, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Hematoma of the bowel wall, Hemoperitoneum, Hernia, Incarcerated hernia, Intestinal ischaemia, Intrabdominal hematoma, intussusception , Megacolon, Mesenteric infarction, Mesenteric ischemia, Multiple polyposis syndromes, Superior mesenteric artery occlusion, Ulcer perforation, Ulcerative colitis, Volvulus
Genetic Hirschprung's disease, Imperforate anus, Malrotation, Meckel's Diverticulum
Hematologic Lymphoma, Retroperitoneal hematoma
Iatrogenic Abdominal surgery, adhesions, Anastomotic leaks, Joint or spine surgery, Laparotomy, Postoperative, Surgery complication, Surgical anastomosis
Infectious Disease Peritonitis , Abdominal infections, Abdominopelvic abscess, Ascariades, Botulism, Infections, Intrabdominal abscess, intraperitoneal infection, Osteomyelitis of the spine, Pancreatitis, Perinephric abscess, Peritonitis, Pneumatosis intestinalis, Pneumonia, Psoas abscess, Sepsis, Severe generalized infections , Tuberculosis, Urosepsis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic Spinal cord inflammation, Spinal cord injury
Nutritional/Metabolic Acute intermittent porphyria
Obstetric/Gynecologic Endometriosis, Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, Pregnancy
Oncologic Cancer, Peritoneal carcinomatosis, Sarcoma, lymphoma
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Mechanical ventilation
Renal/Electrolyte Acid-base imbalance disturbance, Hypokalaemia, Hypomagnesemia, Kidney diseases, Pyelonephritis, Renal colic,

Uremia

Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Connective tissue disease, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, Scleroderma
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Injury or trauma to abdomin , Injury to the abdominal blood supply , Penetrating wounds
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Apoplexy, Burns, Cysts, Disorders that affect muscle function, foreign bodies , Radiation induced stenosis

Causes in Alphabetical Order


Causes based on type of obstruction

Mechanical Obstruction

Non-Mechanical Obstruction

Pseudo-Obstruction

  • Aerophagia
  • Functional bowel disease

References

  1. ↑ Funder JA, Tolstrup R, Jepsen BN, Iversen LH (2017). "Postoperative paralytic ileus remains a problem following surgery for advanced pelvic cancers". J. Surg. Res. 218: 167–173. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.044. PMID 28985845.
  2. ↑ Aday U, Gündeş E, Değer KC, Çiyiltepe H, Kayıpmaz Ş, Duman M (2017). "A rare cause of ileus: late jejunal stricture following blunt abdominal trauma". Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 23 (1): 74–76. PMID 28261776.
  3. ↑ Stakenborg N, Gomez-Pinilla PJ, Boeckxstaens GE (2017). "Postoperative Ileus: Pathophysiology, Current Therapeutic Approaches". Handb Exp Pharmacol. 239: 39–57. doi:10.1007/164_2016_108. PMID 27999957.
  4. ↑ Boobés K, Rosa RM, Batlle D (2017). "Hypokalemia associated with acute colonic pseudo-obstruction in an ESRD patient". Clin. Nephrol. 87 (2017) (3): 152–156. doi:10.5414/CN109002. PMID 28025959.
  5. ↑ Guay J, Nishimori M, Kopp SL (2016). "Epidural Local Anesthetics Versus Opioid-Based Analgesic Regimens for Postoperative Gastrointestinal Paralysis, Vomiting, and Pain After Abdominal Surgery: A Cochrane Review". Anesth. Analg. 123 (6): 1591–1602. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001628. PMID 27870743.
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