Acute diarrhea primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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==Primary Prevention== | ==Primary Prevention== | ||
*According to the ACG Clinical Guideline, effective measures for the primary prevention of acute diarrhea include:<ref name="pmid27068718">{{cite journal |vauthors=Riddle MS, DuPont HL, Connor BA |title=ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=111 |issue=5 |pages=602–22 |year=2016 |pmid=27068718 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2016.126 |url=}}</ref> | *According to the ACG Clinical Guideline, effective measures for the primary prevention of acute diarrhea include:<ref name="pmid27068718">{{cite journal |vauthors=Riddle MS, DuPont HL, Connor BA |title=ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=111 |issue=5 |pages=602–22 |year=2016 |pmid=27068718 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2016.126 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**[[Counseling]] for diarrhea prevention may be done for patients and their close contacts | **[[Counseling]] for diarrhea prevention may be done for patients and their close contacts. Education is also recommended for the following population: | ||
***Immunodeficient individuals | |||
***Pregnant women | |||
***Parents of young children, and the elderly | |||
**[[Counseling]] prior to travel to ensure avoidance of high-risk foods | **[[Counseling]] prior to travel to ensure avoidance of high-risk foods | ||
**Hand washing using alcohol-based sanitizers for prevention of community-acquired diarrhea outbreaks in cruise ships or institutions | **Hand washing using alcohol-based sanitizers for prevention of community-acquired diarrhea outbreaks in cruise ships or institutions. Hand hygiene is essential in the following cases: | ||
***Before eating | |||
***Before and after handling food | |||
***After handling garbage | |||
***After touching animals or their [[feces]] | |||
***After using the toilet | |||
***After changing diapers | |||
**Affected individuals should avoid the following activities: | |||
***Swimming | |||
***Sexual contact when symptomatic | |||
**Additional infection control measures include: | |||
***Use of gloves and gowns | |||
***Appropriate food safety practices to prevent cross-contamination | |||
**[[Prophylaxis|Primary prophylaxis]]: | **[[Prophylaxis|Primary prophylaxis]]: | ||
***Travelers are treated with [[Bismuth subsalicylate|Bismuth subsalicylates]] as [[Prophylaxis|primary prophylaxis]] for acute diarrhea | ***Travelers are treated with [[Bismuth subsalicylate|Bismuth subsalicylates]] as [[Prophylaxis|primary prophylaxis]] for acute diarrhea | ||
***Use of [[Probiotic|probiotics]] is not recommended | ***Use of [[Probiotic|probiotics]] is not recommended | ||
***High risk groups may be given [[antibiotic]] [[chemoprophylaxis]] | ***High risk groups may be given [[antibiotic]] [[chemoprophylaxis]] | ||
* Vaccines: | |||
** Typhoid vaccines are recommended in addition to hand hygiene: Oral and injectable | |||
** A live attenuated cholera vaccine (single-dose oral vaccine) is recommended for adults 18–64 years of age, travelling to endemic areas. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 18:43, 5 February 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sudarshana Datta, MD [2]
Overview
Primary prevention of acute diarrhea includes measures such as counseling in patients and their close contacts. In addition, counseling prior to travel and hand washing using alcohol-based sanitizers are other recommended practices. Hand washing is particularly important for prevention of community-acquired diarrhea outbreaks in cruise ships or institutions.
Primary Prevention
- According to the ACG Clinical Guideline, effective measures for the primary prevention of acute diarrhea include:[1]
- Counseling for diarrhea prevention may be done for patients and their close contacts. Education is also recommended for the following population:
- Immunodeficient individuals
- Pregnant women
- Parents of young children, and the elderly
- Counseling prior to travel to ensure avoidance of high-risk foods
- Hand washing using alcohol-based sanitizers for prevention of community-acquired diarrhea outbreaks in cruise ships or institutions. Hand hygiene is essential in the following cases:
- Before eating
- Before and after handling food
- After handling garbage
- After touching animals or their feces
- After using the toilet
- After changing diapers
- Affected individuals should avoid the following activities:
- Swimming
- Sexual contact when symptomatic
- Additional infection control measures include:
- Use of gloves and gowns
- Appropriate food safety practices to prevent cross-contamination
- Primary prophylaxis:
- Travelers are treated with Bismuth subsalicylates as primary prophylaxis for acute diarrhea
- Use of probiotics is not recommended
- High risk groups may be given antibiotic chemoprophylaxis
- Counseling for diarrhea prevention may be done for patients and their close contacts. Education is also recommended for the following population:
- Vaccines:
- Typhoid vaccines are recommended in addition to hand hygiene: Oral and injectable
- A live attenuated cholera vaccine (single-dose oral vaccine) is recommended for adults 18–64 years of age, travelling to endemic areas.
References
- ↑ Riddle MS, DuPont HL, Connor BA (2016). "ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 111 (5): 602–22. doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.126. PMID 27068718.