Acute diarrhea classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

There is no established system for the classification of [disease name].

OR

[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups: [group1], [group2], [group3], and [group4].

OR

[Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3]. [Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].

OR

Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.

OR

If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features: According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].

OR

The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].

OR

There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].

Classification

• Acute diarrhea may be classified according to etiology into infectious and non-infectious subtypes/groups. The infectious group may further be classified into bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoal subgroups. The non-infectious group is further classified into diarrhea due to medications, poisoning and systemic illnesses.

Acute diarrhea

Infectious

Non-Infectious

Bacterial

Viral

Fungal

Protozoa

Medications

Poisoning

Systemic illness

•Shigella species ( S.dysentriae, S.flexneri, S.sonneii, S.boydii) •E.coli species (Enterotoxigenic E.coli, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli, Enteroinvasive E.coli, EPEC, EAEC) •Cryptosporidium parvum •Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahemolyticus •Clostridium perfringens •Non Typhoidal Salmonella: S.typhimurium, S.enterica •Campylobacter jejuni •Clostridium difficle •Yersinia enterocolitica •Staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome [TSS] •Aeromonas •Plesiomonas shigelloides •Hemolytic uraemic syndrome (Shiga toxin producing E. coli ETEC) •Mycobacterium Avium complex •Bacillus cereus •Listeria monocytogenes

•Astro virus •Calcivirus •Noro virus •Rota virus •CMV •Norwalk virus •Influenza virus •Rubeola virus •Dengue virus •Human immunodeficiency virus

•Cryptococcus •Candida albicans

•Giardia lamblia •Microsporidia •Isospora

•Digoxin •Cephalosporins •Thiazide diuretics •Triptans •Lactulose •Anti retroviral agents •Chemotherapeutic agents •Antifungals •Magnesium

•Organophosphate Poisoning •Opium withdrawal

•Hyperthyroidism •Irritable bowel syndrome •Lactose intolerance •Tumors: VIPoma •Short bowel syndrome •Radiation enteritis

• Based on the type of presentation, acute diarrhea may be classified into watery and inflammatory types. Watery diarrhea may further be classified into secretory and osmotic types of diarrhea.

Acute diarrhea

Watery

Inflammatory

•Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis •Cytomegalovirus •Herpes simplex •Strongyloidiasis •Aeromonas •Plesiomonas •Ischemic colitis •Radiation colitis

Secretory

Osmotic

•Cholera •Enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli •Factitious diarrhea from laxative abuse •Aeromonas •Plesiomonas •Microsporidia •Giardia •Coccidia •Cryptosporidium

•Lactase deficiency •Lactulose •Laxative use/abuse •Whipple's disease