Jaundice risk factors: Difference between revisions
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*[[Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]] | *[[Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]] | ||
*[[Chronic hepatitis]] | *[[Chronic hepatitis]] | ||
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] | *[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]]<ref name="LuceyMathurin2009">{{cite journal|last1=Lucey|first1=Michael R.|last2=Mathurin|first2=Philippe|last3=Morgan|first3=Timothy R.|title=Alcoholic Hepatitis|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=360|issue=26|year=2009|pages=2758–2769|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra0805786}}</ref> | ||
*[[Drugs]] and [[Toxin|toxins]] (eg, alkylated [[Steroid|steroids]], [[chlorpromazine]], herbal medications [eg, Jamaican bush tea], [[arsenic]]) | *[[Drugs]] and [[Toxin|toxins]] (eg, alkylated [[Steroid|steroids]], [[chlorpromazine]], herbal medications [eg, Jamaican bush tea], [[arsenic]]) | ||
*[[Sepsis]] and hypoperfusion states | *[[Sepsis]] and hypoperfusion states | ||
Revision as of 19:46, 6 February 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fatima Shaukat, MD [2]
Overview
Risk Factors
Risk factors for jaundice are classified under conjugated and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia:[1]
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Risk factors for unconjugated hyperbilirubenemia includes the following:[2][3]
Common Risk Factors
- Neonates
- Drugs - Rifampin, Probenecid
- Crigler-Najjar syndrome types I and II[4]
- Gilbert syndrome
- Ethinyl estradiol
- Liver diseases - chronic hepatitis, advanced cirrhosis
- Portosystemic shunts
Less Common Risk Factors
- Dyserythropoiesis
- Some patients with Gilbert syndrome
- Drugs - Flavaspadic acid, Bunamiodyl
- Hyperthyroidism
- Heart failure
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Risk factors for conjugated hyperbilirubinemia includes the following:
Common Risk Factors
- Viral hepatitis[5][6]
- Alcohol[7]
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Chronic hepatitis
- Primary biliary cirrhosis[7]
- Drugs and toxins (eg, alkylated steroids, chlorpromazine, herbal medications [eg, Jamaican bush tea], arsenic)
- Sepsis and hypoperfusion states
- Infiltrative diseases (eg, amyloidosis, lymphoma, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis)
- Pregnancy
- Cirrhosis
- Choledocholithiasis
- Intrinsic and extrinsic tumors (eg, cholangiocarcinoma)
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Acute and chronic pancreatitis
Less Common Risk Factors
- Total parenteral nutrition
- Postoperative cholestasis
- Following organ transplantation
- Hepatic crisis in sickle-cell disease
- AIDS
- Certain parasitic infections (eg, Ascaris lumbricoides, liver flukes)
- Strictures after invasive procedures
- Dubin-Johnson syndrome
- Rotor syndrome
References
- ↑ VanWagner LB, Green RM (2015). "Evaluating elevated bilirubin levels in asymptomatic adults". JAMA. 313 (5): 516–7. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12835. PMC 4424929. PMID 25647209.
- ↑ Arora V, Kulkarni RK, Cherian S, Pillai R, Shivali M (2009). "Hyperbilirubinemia in normal healthy donors". Asian J Transfus Sci. 3 (2): 70–2. doi:10.4103/0973-6247.53875. PMC 2920475. PMID 20808649.
- ↑ ARIAS IM (1962). "Chronic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia without overt signs of hemolysis in adolescents and adults". J Clin Invest. 41: 2233–45. doi:10.1172/JCI104682. PMC 291158. PMID 14013759.
- ↑ Drenth JP, Peters WH, Jansen JB (2002). "[From gene to disease; unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia: Gilbert's syndrome and Crigler-Najjar types I and II]". Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 146 (32): 1488–90. PMID 12198827.
- ↑ Thuener J (2017). "Hepatitis A and B Infections". Prim Care. 44 (4): 621–629. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2017.07.005. PMID 29132524.
- ↑ Gadia CLB, Manirakiza A, Tekpa G, Konamna X, Vickos U, Nakoune E (2017). "Identification of pathogens for differential diagnosis of fever with jaundice in the Central African Republic: a retrospective assessment, 2008-2010". BMC Infect Dis. 17 (1): 735. doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2840-8. PMC 5707826. PMID 29187150.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lucey, Michael R.; Mathurin, Philippe; Morgan, Timothy R. (2009). "Alcoholic Hepatitis". New England Journal of Medicine. 360 (26): 2758–2769. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0805786. ISSN 0028-4793.