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| {{Sialolithiasis}} | | {{xyz}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} |
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| '''Sialolithiasis''' refers to the formation of stones in the [[salivary glands]]. Stones are most commonly found in the [[submandibular gland]] and [[parotid gland]], where stones can obstruct [[Submandibular duct|Wharton's duct]] and Stenson's duct respectively. This calculus ([[sialolith]] - pronounced SIGH-al-low-lith) is a [[salivary gland]] stone consisting of layers of calcified organic matter - calcium phosphate and carbon, with traces of magnesium, chloride and ammonium. Sialoliths are not related to kidney stones.
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| | ==Historical Perspective== |
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| | ==Classification== |
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| | ==Pathophysiology== |
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| ==Causes== | | ==Causes== |
| It is frequently associated with chronic infection (''[[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Streptococcus viridans]]'') of the glands, dehydration ([[phenothiazine]]s), [[Sjögren's syndrome]] and/or increased local levels of calcium, but in many cases can arise [[idiopathic]]ally.
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| | ==Differentiating Hereditary pancreatitis from Other Diseases== |
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| ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== |
| The majority (perhaps 90%) form in the [[submandibular gland]] but the other glands can create them too.
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| | ==Risk Factors== |
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| | ==Screening== |
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| | ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== |
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| | ===Diagnostic Criteria=== |
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| ===History and Symptoms=== | | ===History and Symptoms=== |
| The resulting blockage and inflammation ([[sialitis]]) causes immense pain on eating when [[saliva]] production increases and infection of the salivary gland may ensue. Pain, when present, usually originates from the floor of the mouth, although in many cases the stones cause only intermittent swelling. [[Pain]] may be further intensified when eating sour or tart foods or candies. Other symptoms are dry mouth; bad taste in mouth; and local [[swelling]].
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| ===Physical Examination=== | | ===Physical Examination=== |
| A palpable [[lump]] or visible swelling in the area of the gland is often noted.
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| ===X Ray=== | | ===Laboratory Findings=== |
| Diagnosis is usually made by characteristic history and physical examination. Diagnosis can be confirmed by [[x-ray]] (80% of salivary gland calculi are visible on x-ray), or by [[sialogram]] or ultrasound.
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| | ===Electrocardiogram=== |
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| | ===X-ray=== |
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| | ===Ultrasound=== |
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| | ===CT scan=== |
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| | ===MRI=== |
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| | ===Other Imaging Findings=== |
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| | ===Other Diagnostic Studies=== |
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| | ==Treatment== |
| | ===Medical Therapy=== |
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| | ===Surgery=== |
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| | ===Primary Prevention=== |
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| | ===Secondary Prevention=== |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{reflist|2}} | | {{reflist|2}} |
| [[Category:Medical emergencies]]
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| [[Category:Emergency medicine]]
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| [[Category:Disease]]
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| [[Category:Oral pathology]]
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| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}} | | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |
| | [[Category: (name of the system)]] |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Hereditary pancreatitis from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
References
Template:WikiDoc Sources