Occupational lung disease causes

Occupational lung disease Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ;Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]

Overview

Occupational lung disease may be caused by organic dust such as thermophilic and true fungi, and bacteria and animal proteins, or by inorganic dust such as, silicates, carbons and metals, or by agents other than organic or inorganic dusts such as, chemicals, gases, fumes, vapors and aerosols.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

• Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
• Life-threatening causes of occupational lung disease include asbestos and chemical gas inhalation such as chlorine gas.

Common Causes

Occupational lung disease may be caused by:

• Silica ("silicosis")
• Asbestos ("asbestosis")
• Beryllium ("berylliosis")
• Mica (principally K and Mg aluminum silicates)
• Portland cement
• Aluminum silicates (sericite, sillimanite, zeolite)
• Aluminum
• Hard metal dusts (cadmium, tungsten, titanium and cobalt)
• Iron ("siderosis")
• Coal dust ("coal worker's pneumoconiosis")
• Graphite ("carbon pneumoconiosis")
• Farmer's lung (Macropolyspora faeni)
• Grain handler's lung (Thermactinomyces vulgaris)
• Humidifier or air conditioner lung (T. sacchari)
• Aspergillus
• CuSO4 neutralized with hydrated lime (Bordeaux mixture; "vineyard sprayer's lung")
• Bird fancier's disease

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of occupational lung disease include:

• Vinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride powder
• Oxygen
• Oxides of nitrogen
• Sulfur dioxide
• Chlorine gas
• Methyl isocyanate
• Oxides of zinc, copper, manganese, cadmium, iron, magnesium, nickel, brass, selenium, tin, and antimony
• Diphenylmethane diisocyanate
• Trimellitic anhydride toxicity
• Hydrocarbons
• Thermosetting resins (rubber tire workers)
• Toluene diisocyanate (TDI - asthmatic reactions prominent)
• Talc (hydrated Mg silicates; "talcosis")
• Kaolin or "china clay" (hydrated aluminum silicate)
• Popcorn worker's lung (butter flavoring)
• Oxygen
• Mercury
• Oils
• Fats
• Pyrethrum (a natural insecticide)
• Nepheline (hard rock containing mixed silicates)
• Diatomaceous earth (Fuller's earth, aluminum silicate with Fe and Mg)
• Tin ("stannosis")
• Antimony
• Hematite(mixed dusts of iron oxide, silica and silicates; "siderosilicosis")
• Mixed dusts of silver and iron oxide ("argyrosiderosis")
• CuSO4 neutralized with hydrated lime (Bordeaux mixture; "vineyard sprayer's lung")
• Rare earths (cerium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum)
• Cryptostroma corticale
• Aureobasidium pullulans
• Penicillium species
• Bacillus subtilis
• B. cereus
• Synthetic - fiber lung (Orlon, polyesters, nylon, acrylic)
• Bakelite worker's lung pathways

Genetic Causes

• [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.

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