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| {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Cherry}} | | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Cherry}} |
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3]. | | Patients with atelectasis usually have non specific signs on physical examination. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3]. |
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| OR | | OR |
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| ===Vital Signs=== | | ===Vital Signs=== |
| * Low [[oxygen saturation]], | | * Hypotension |
| | * Tachycardia |
| * [[Fever]] | | * [[Fever]] |
| * [[Tachycardia]] or increased heart rate | | * Tachypnea |
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| |
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| ===Lung=== | | ===Lung=== |
| * [[Pleural effusion]] (transudate type) | | * Diminished or absent breath sounds |
| | | * Constant wheezing |
| ===Extremities===
| | * Reduced chest wall expansion |
| *[[Cyanosis]] (late sign)
| | * Mediastinal and cardiac displacement towards the affected side |
| | | * Elevation of the diaphragm |
| Physical exam
| | * Dullness to percussion over the involved area |
| Hypotension
| | * Decreased chest excursion of the involved hemithorax |
| Tachycardia
| |
| Fever
| |
| Shock
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| | |
| | |
| The signs and symptoms of atelectasis are often non-specific:
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| | |
| Signs of atelectasis:
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| Tachypnoea
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| | |
| reduced breath sounds
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| constant wheeze
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| reduced chest wall expansion
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| wheeze
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| cyanosis
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| asphyxia
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| mediastinal and cardiac displacement
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| elevation of the diaphragm
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| SIGNS
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| Physical Examination
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| Dullness to percussion over the involved area | |
| Diminished or absent breath sounds
| |
| Decreased chest excursion of the involved hemithorax | |
| Mediastinal deviation towards the affected side
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| * Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
| |
| OR
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| *Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for:[finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
| |
| *The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
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| *The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].
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| ===Appearance of the Patient=== | | ===Appearance of the Patient=== |
| *Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. | | *Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. |
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| ===Vital Signs===
| | * |
| | |
| *High-grade / low-grade fever | |
| *[[Hypothermia]] / hyperthermia may be present
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| *[[Tachycardia]] with regular pulse or (ir)regularly irregular pulse
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| *[[Bradycardia]] with regular pulse or (ir)regularly irregular pulse
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| *Tachypnea / bradypnea
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| *Kussmal respirations may be present in _____ (advanced disease state)
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| *Weak/bounding pulse / pulsus alternans / paradoxical pulse / asymmetric pulse
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| *High/low blood pressure with normal pulse pressure / [[wide pulse pressure]] / [[narrow pulse pressure]]
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| ===Skin===
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| * Skin examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
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| OR
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| *[[Cyanosis]]
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| *[[Jaundice]]
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| * [[Pallor]]
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| * Bruises
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| <gallery widths="150px">
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| UploadedImage-01.jpg | Description {{dermref}}
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| UploadedImage-02.jpg | Description {{dermref}}
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| </gallery>
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| ===HEENT===
| |
| * HEENT examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
| |
| OR
| |
| * Abnormalities of the head/hair may include ___
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| * Evidence of trauma
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| * Icteric sclera
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| * [[Nystagmus]]
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| * Extra-ocular movements may be abnormal
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| *Pupils non-reactive to light / non-reactive to accommodation / non-reactive to neither light nor accommodation
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| *Ophthalmoscopic exam may be abnormal with findings of ___
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| * Hearing acuity may be reduced
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| *[[Weber test]] may be abnormal (Note: A positive Weber test is considered a normal finding / A negative Weber test is considered an abnormal finding. To avoid confusion, you may write "abnormal Weber test".)
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| *[[Rinne test]] may be positive (Note: A positive Rinne test is considered a normal finding / A negative Rinne test is considered an abnormal finding. To avoid confusion, you may write "abnormal Rinne test".)
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| * [[Exudate]] from the ear canal
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| * Tenderness upon palpation of the ear pinnae/tragus (anterior to ear canal)
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| *Inflamed nares / congested nares
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| * [[Purulent]] exudate from the nares
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| * Facial tenderness
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| * Erythematous throat with/without tonsillar swelling, exudates, and/or petechiae
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| ===Neck=== | | ===Neck=== |
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| ===Heart=== | | ===Heart=== |
| * Cardiovascular examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal. | | * Cardiovascular examination of patients with atelectasis is usually normal. |
| OR
| |
| *Chest tenderness upon palpation
| |
| *PMI within 2 cm of the sternum (PMI) / Displaced point of maximal impulse (PMI) suggestive of ____
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| *[[Heave]] / [[thrill]]
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| *[[Friction rub]]
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| *[[Heart sounds#First heart tone S1, the "lub"(components M1 and T1)|S1]]
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| *[[Heart sounds#Second heart tone S2 the "dub"(components A2 and P2)|S2]]
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| *[[Heart sounds#Third heart sound S3|S3]]
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| *[[Heart sounds#Fourth heart sound S4|S4]]
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| *[[Heart sounds#Summation Gallop|Gallops]]
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| *A high/low grade early/late [[systolic murmur]] / [[diastolic murmur]] best heard at the base/apex/(specific valve region) may be heard using the bell/diaphgram of the otoscope
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| ===Abdomen===
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| Abdominal examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
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| | |
| OR
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| *[[Abdominal distention]]
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| *[[Abdominal tenderness]] in the right/left upper/lower abdominal quadrant
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| *[[Rebound tenderness]] (positive Blumberg sign)
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| *A palpable abdominal mass in the right/left upper/lower abdominal quadrant
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| *Guarding may be present
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| *[[Hepatomegaly]] / [[splenomegaly]] / [[hepatosplenomegaly]]
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| *Additional findings, such as obturator test, psoas test, McBurney point test, Murphy test
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| ===Back===
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| * Back examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
| |
| OR
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| *Point tenderness over __ vertebrae (e.g. L3-L4)
| |
| *Sacral edema
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| *Costovertebral angle tenderness bilaterally/unilaterally
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| *Buffalo hump
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| | |
| ===Genitourinary===
| |
| * Genitourinary examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
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| OR
| |
| *A pelvic/adnexal mass may be palpated
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| *Inflamed mucosa
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| *Clear/(color), foul-smelling/odorless penile/vaginal discharge
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| | |
| ===Neuromuscular===
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| * Neuromuscular examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
| |
| OR
| |
| *Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time
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| * Altered mental status
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| * Glasgow coma scale is ___ / 15
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| * Clonus may be present
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| * Hyperreflexia / hyporeflexia / areflexia
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| * Positive (abnormal) Babinski / plantar reflex unilaterally/bilaterally
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| * Muscle rigidity
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| * Proximal/distal muscle weakness unilaterally/bilaterally
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| * ____ (finding) suggestive of cranial nerve ___ (roman numerical) deficit (e.g. Dilated pupils suggestive of CN III deficit)
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| *Unilateral/bilateral upper/lower extremity weakness
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| *Unilateral/bilateral sensory loss in the upper/lower extremity
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| *Positive straight leg raise test
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| *Abnormal gait (describe gait: e.g. ataxic (cerebellar) gait / steppage gait / waddling gait / choeiform gait / Parkinsonian gait / sensory gait)
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| *Positive/negative Trendelenburg sign
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| *Unilateral/bilateral tremor (describe tremor, e.g. at rest, pill-rolling)
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| *Normal finger-to-nose test / Dysmetria
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| *Absent/present dysdiadochokinesia (palm tapping test)
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| | |
| ===Extremities=== | | ===Extremities=== |
| * Extremities examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
| | * [[Cyanosis]] (late sign) |
| OR
| |
| *[[Clubbing]]
| |
| *[[Cyanosis]] | |
| *Pitting/non-pitting [[edema]] of the upper/lower extremities
| |
| *Muscle atrophy
| |
| *Fasciculations in the upper/lower extremity
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| | |
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sudarshana Datta, MD [2]
Overview
Patients with atelectasis usually have non specific signs on physical examination. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
OR
The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].
Physical Examination
Vital Signs
- Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Fever
- Tachypnea
Lung
- Diminished or absent breath sounds
- Constant wheezing
- Reduced chest wall expansion
- Mediastinal and cardiac displacement towards the affected side
- Elevation of the diaphragm
- Dullness to percussion over the involved area
- Decreased chest excursion of the involved hemithorax
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
Neck
- Neck examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
OR
Lungs
- Pulmonary examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
OR
- Asymmetric chest expansion / Decreased chest expansion
- Lungs are hypo/hyperresonant
- Fine/coarse crackles upon auscultation of the lung bases/apices unilaterally/bilaterally
- Rhonchi
- Vesicular breath sounds / Distant breath sounds
- Expiratory/inspiratory wheezing with normal / delayed expiratory phase
- Wheezing may be present
- Egophony present/absent
- Bronchophony present/absent
- Normal/reduced tactile fremitus
Heart
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with atelectasis is usually normal.
Extremities
References
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