Diaphragmatic paralysis diagnostic study of choice: Difference between revisions
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** Observation of diaphragamtic movement when patient sniffs forcefully <ref name="pmid9619304">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gierada DS, Slone RM, Fleishman MJ |title=Imaging evaluation of the diaphragm |journal=Chest Surg. Clin. N. Am. |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=237–80 |date=May 1998 |pmid=9619304 |doi= |url= |author=}}</ref> | ** Observation of diaphragamtic movement when patient sniffs forcefully <ref name="pmid9619304">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gierada DS, Slone RM, Fleishman MJ |title=Imaging evaluation of the diaphragm |journal=Chest Surg. Clin. N. Am. |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=237–80 |date=May 1998 |pmid=9619304 |doi= |url= |author=}}</ref> | ||
** Paradoxical elevation of the paralyzed hemidiaphragm during inspiration<ref name="pmid4221861">{{cite journal |vauthors=Alexander C |title=Diaphragm movements and the diagnosis of diaphragmatic paralysis |journal=Clin Radiol |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=79–83 |date=January 1966 |pmid=4221861 |doi= |url= |author=}}</ref> | ** Paradoxical elevation of the paralyzed hemidiaphragm during inspiration<ref name="pmid4221861">{{cite journal |vauthors=Alexander C |title=Diaphragm movements and the diagnosis of diaphragmatic paralysis |journal=Clin Radiol |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=79–83 |date=January 1966 |pmid=4221861 |doi= |url= |author=}}</ref> | ||
==== Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis ==== | |||
* [Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name]. | * [Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name]. | ||
* The following result of [gold standard test] is confirmatory of [disease name]: | * The following result of [gold standard test] is confirmatory of [disease name]: | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Diagnostic Study of Choice
Template statements
Study of choice:
Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis
- Fontal upright chest radiograph:
- Fluoroscopic sniff test:
Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis
- [Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
- The following result of [gold standard test] is confirmatory of [disease name]:
- Result 1
- Result 2
- The [name of the investigation] should be performed when:
- The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1. 2, 3.
- A positive [test] is detected in the patient.
- [Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
- The diagnostic study of choice for [disease name] is [name of the investigation].
- There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name].
- There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name], but [disease name] can be diagnosed based on [name of the investigation 1] and [name of the investigation 2].
- [Disease name] is mainly diagnosed based on clinical presentation.
- Investigations:
- Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most specific test for the diagnosis.
- Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most sensitive test for diagnosis.
- Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most efficient test for diagnosis.
The comparison table for diagnostic studies of choice for [disease name]
| Sensitivity | Specificity | |
|---|---|---|
| Test 1 | ✔ | ...% |
| Test 2 | ...% | ✔ |
✔= The best test based on the feature
Diagnostic results
The following result of [investigation name] is confirmatory of [disease name]:
- Result 1
- Result 2
Sequence of Diagnostic Studies
The [name of investigation] should be performed when:
- The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1, 2, and 3 as the first step of diagnosis.
- A positive [test] is detected in the patient, to confirm the diagnosis.
Diagnostic Criteria
- Here you should describe the details of the diagnostic criteria.
- Always mention the name of the criteria/definition you are about to list (e.g. modified Duke criteria for the diagnosis of endocarditis / 3rd universal definition of MI) and cite the primary source of where this criteria/definition is found.
- Although not necessary, it is recommended that you include the criteria in a table. Make sure you always cite the source of the content and whether the table has been adapted from another source.
- Be very clear as to the number of criteria (or threshold) that needs to be met out of the total number of criteria.
- Distinguish criteria based on their nature (e.g. clinical criteria / pathological criteria/ imaging criteria) before discussing them in details.
- To view an example (endocarditis diagnostic criteria), click here
- If relevant, add additional information that might help the reader distinguish various criteria or the evolution of criteria (e.g. original criteria vs. modified criteria).
- You may also add information about the sensitivity and specificity of the criteria, the pre-test probability, and other figures that may help the reader understand how valuable the criteria are clinically.
- [Disease name] is mainly diagnosed based on clinical presentation. There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
- There is no single diagnostic study of choice for [disease name], though [disease name] may be diagnosed based on [name of criteria] established by [...].
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
- [Disease name] may be diagnosed at any time if one or more of the following criteria are met:
- Criteria 1
- Criteria 2
- Criteria 3
IF there are clear, established diagnostic criteria:
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
IF there are no established diagnostic criteria:
- There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
References
- ↑ Chetta A, Rehman AK, Moxham J, Carr DH, Polkey MI (January 2005). "Chest radiography cannot predict diaphragm function". Respir Med. 99 (1): 39–44. PMID 15672847.
- ↑ Gierada DS, Slone RM, Fleishman MJ (May 1998). "Imaging evaluation of the diaphragm". Chest Surg. Clin. N. Am. 8 (2): 237–80. PMID 9619304.
- ↑ Gierada DS, Slone RM, Fleishman MJ (May 1998). "Imaging evaluation of the diaphragm". Chest Surg. Clin. N. Am. 8 (2): 237–80. PMID 9619304.
- ↑ Alexander C (January 1966). "Diaphragm movements and the diagnosis of diaphragmatic paralysis". Clin Radiol. 17 (1): 79–83. PMID 4221861.