Sandbox:Chandra: Difference between revisions
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**Flail chest | **Flail chest | ||
*'''Hypoventilation:''' | *'''Hypoventilation:''' | ||
**Upper airway obstruction: | **'''Upper airway obstruction:''' | ||
***Foreign body aspiration | ***Foreign body aspiration | ||
***Pertussis/Croup | ***Pertussis/Croup | ||
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****Macroglossia | ****Macroglossia | ||
****Micrognathia or retrognathia (eg, Pierre-Robin syndrome) | ****Micrognathia or retrognathia (eg, Pierre-Robin syndrome) | ||
**Neurologic abnormalities: | **'''Neurologic abnormalities:''' | ||
***CNS depression | ***CNS depression | ||
***Severe head trauma | ***Severe head trauma | ||
Line 52: | Line 52: | ||
***Cyanotic breath holding spells | ***Cyanotic breath holding spells | ||
***Coma | ***Coma | ||
**Neuromuscular disorders: | **'''Neuromuscular disorders:''' | ||
*** Myasthenia gravis | *** Myasthenia gravis | ||
***Injury to the phrenic nerve | ***Injury to the phrenic nerve | ||
***Type 1 spinal muscular dystrophy (Wernig-Hoffman disease) | ***Type 1 spinal muscular dystrophy (Wernig-Hoffman disease) | ||
**Metabolic disorders: | **'''Metabolic disorders:''' | ||
***Severe hypoglycemia | ***Severe hypoglycemia | ||
***In born errors of metabolism | ***In born errors of metabolism | ||
Line 109: | Line 109: | ||
**Sulfhemoglobinemia (acquired) | **Sulfhemoglobinemia (acquired) | ||
**Hemoglobin mutations with low oxygen affinity: Hb Kansas. Hb Beth israel, Hb Saint Mande, Hb Bruxells | **Hemoglobin mutations with low oxygen affinity: Hb Kansas. Hb Beth israel, Hb Saint Mande, Hb Bruxells | ||
Revision as of 17:11, 20 February 2018
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]
Overview
Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
OR
Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
OR
The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
OR
The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.
Causes
Life-threatening Causes
- Conditions associated with decreased concentration of inspired oxygen (FiO2):
- Smoke inhalation most commonly from house fires
- Carbon monoxide poisoing
- Hydrogen cyanide poisoning
- Intentional or unintensional exposure to asphyxiating gases (eg: Propane, methane, butane, hydrogen sulphide)
- Disorders associated with impairment of chestwall or lung expansion:
- External compression
- Pneumothorax
- Hemothorax
- Flail chest
- Hypoventilation:
- Upper airway obstruction:
- Foreign body aspiration
- Pertussis/Croup
- Epiglottitis
- Tracheitis mostly bacterial
- Traumatic disruption (burns, fractures)
- Congenital airway abnormalities:
- Choanal atresia
- Laryngotracheomalacia
- Macroglossia
- Micrognathia or retrognathia (eg, Pierre-Robin syndrome)
- Neurologic abnormalities:
- CNS depression
- Severe head trauma
- Apnea of prematurity
- Infections (eg, meningitis, encephalitis)
- Intraventricular hemorrhage
- Seizures
- Cyanotic breath holding spells
- Coma
- Neuromuscular disorders:
- Myasthenia gravis
- Injury to the phrenic nerve
- Type 1 spinal muscular dystrophy (Wernig-Hoffman disease)
- Metabolic disorders:
- Severe hypoglycemia
- In born errors of metabolism
- Upper airway obstruction:
- Ventilation/perfusion mismatch:
- Asthma
- Pulmonary embolism
- Atelectasis
- Alveolar capillary dysplasia
- emphysema or COPD
- Pulmonary edema
- Pulmonary hypoplasia
- Pulmonary hemorrhage
- Respiratory distress syndrome (Hyaline membrane disease)
- Transient tachypnea of the newborn
- Conditions causing impaired oxygen diffusion:
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Pulmonary edema
- Pneumonia
- Bronchiolitis
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Cystic fibrosis
- Empyema
- Circulatory causes:
- Anatomic shunts (Venous blood into arterial circulation):
- Cyanotic congenital heart diseases:
- Decreased pulmonary flow:
- Tetralogy of fallot
- Tricuspid valve anomalies
- Tricuspid atresia
- Tricuspid stenosis
- Ebstein's anomaly
- Pulmonary stenosis (critical valvular)
- Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum
- Increased pulmonary flow:
- TGA (Transposition of great arteries, most common dextro type)
- Truncus arteriosus
- TAPVC (Total anamalous pulmonary venous connection)
- Decreased pulmonary flow:
- Heart failure: Condition that present with cyanosis and severe heart failure include:
- Left sided obstructive lesion (HLHS)
- Coarctation of aorta
- Critical valvular aortic stenosis
- Cyanotic congenital heart diseases:
- Anatomic shunts (Venous blood into arterial circulation):
- Pulmonary causes:
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Pulmonary edema
- Pulmonary hemorrhage
- Pulmonary embolism
- Shock
- Sepsis
- Acute chest syndrome
- Hematologic abnormalities:
- Methemoglobinemia (congenital or acquired)
- Sulfhemoglobinemia (acquired)
- Hemoglobin mutations with low oxygen affinity: Hb Kansas. Hb Beth israel, Hb Saint Mande, Hb Bruxells
- Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.
- Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
- [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].
Common Causes
[Disease name] may be caused by:
- [Cause1]
- [Cause2]
- [Cause3]
OR
- [Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
- [Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of disease name include:
- [Cause1]
- [Cause2]
- [Cause3]
Genetic Causes
- [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
Causes by Organ System
Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
Dental | No underlying causes |
Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
Endocrine | No underlying causes |
Environmental | No underlying causes |
Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
Genetic | No underlying causes |
Hematologic | No underlying causes |
Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
Neurologic | No underlying causes |
Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
Oncologic | No underlying causes |
Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
Sexual | No underlying causes |
Trauma | No underlying causes |
Urologic | No underlying causes |
Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
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