Hemoptysis overview: Difference between revisions
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===Electrocardiogram=== | ===Electrocardiogram=== | ||
There are no [[electrocardiogram]] findings associated with hemoptysis. However, [[electrocardiogram]] might be abnormal with some of the underlying causes of hemoptysis. | |||
===X-ray=== | ===X-ray=== | ||
[[Chest X-ray|Chest x-ray]] is the first [[Diagnostic imaging|diagnostic modality]] that is used in a patient with hemoptysis. [[Chest X-ray|Chest x-ray]] might differentiate underlying causes of hemoptysis. [[Chest X-ray|Chest x-ray]] is usually used to compare with previous or later [[Imaging|imagings]] in order to evaluate the progression and resolution of the underlying cause. However, [[Chest X-ray|chest x-ray]] might be completely normal in patients with hemoptysis. | |||
===Echocardiography and Ultrasound=== | ===Echocardiography and Ultrasound=== | ||
There are no [[echocardiography]]/[[ultrasound]] findings associated with hemoptysis. However, [[echocardiography]] or [[ultrasound]] might be abnormal with some of the underlying causes of hemoptysis. | |||
===CT scan=== | ===CT scan=== | ||
===MRI=== | ===MRI=== | ||
[[Chest]] [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] may be helpful in the diagnosis of underlying causes of hemoptysis. | |||
===Other Imaging Findings=== | ===Other Imaging Findings=== | ||
Other [[Imaging studies|imaging]] findings may be helpful in the diagnosis of underlying causes of hemoptysis. | |||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | ===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | ||
Revision as of 20:47, 26 February 2018
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Hemoptysis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Hemoptysis overview On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hemoptysis overview |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Hereditary pancreatitis from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
There are no electrocardiogram findings associated with hemoptysis. However, electrocardiogram might be abnormal with some of the underlying causes of hemoptysis.
X-ray
Chest x-ray is the first diagnostic modality that is used in a patient with hemoptysis. Chest x-ray might differentiate underlying causes of hemoptysis. Chest x-ray is usually used to compare with previous or later imagings in order to evaluate the progression and resolution of the underlying cause. However, chest x-ray might be completely normal in patients with hemoptysis.
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with hemoptysis. However, echocardiography or ultrasound might be abnormal with some of the underlying causes of hemoptysis.
CT scan
MRI
Chest MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of underlying causes of hemoptysis.
Other Imaging Findings
Other imaging findings may be helpful in the diagnosis of underlying causes of hemoptysis.
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Hemoptysis is a symptom that indicates an underlying pulmonary or extrapulmonary cause. Pharmacologic medical therapy depends on an underlying cause. However, the mainstay of treatment for massive hemoptysis is supportive and surgical therapy.
Surgery
Massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening condition and requires prompt intensive care. Surgery is indicated in patients with hemoptysis who are resistant to embolization. Interventional techniques are used to stop bleeding which include bronchial arterial embolization, different bronchoscopic strategies such as cold saline lavage, topical vasoconstrictor agents, balloon tamponade, endobronchial stent placement, endobronchial spigot, oxidized regenerated cellulose, N-Butyl cyanoacrylate glue, fibrinogenthrombin, tranexamic acid, laser photocoagulation, argon plasma coagulation, and electrocautery. Surgical techniques that are used for management of hemoptysis include pulmonary resection, lobectomy, and bilobectomy. Surgical techniques are definitely curative, effective for localized lesions. However, surgery has a mortality rate of 10-30%. Currently, bronchial arterial embolization considered as a first line therapy for both new and recurrent hemoptysis.
Primary Prevention
Effective measures for the primary prevention of hemoptysis include smoking cessation, avoiding air pollutants, and use of physical barriers such as masks and gown.
Secondary Prevention
There are no established measures for the secondary prevention of hemoptysis.