Ileus causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common causes of ileus include [[surgery]] (major [[abdominal]] & non-abdominal surgeries), [[metabolic]] and [[electrolyte disturbances]] (such as [[hyponatremia]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hypocalcemia]] and [[hypomagnesemia]]), [[Endocrine disorders|endocrinological disorders]] (such as [[diabetes]], [[hypoparathyroidism]], [[hypothyroidism]], and [[adrenal insufficiency]]), [[Systemic diseases|systemic disorders]] (such as [[myocardial infarction]], [[pneumonia]], [[renal failure]]), [[trauma]], [[sepsis]], and [[drugs]] (such as [[opiates]], [[Anticholinergics|anticholinergic agents]], [[autonomic]] blockers, [[tricyclic antidepressants]] and [[General anaesthesia|general anesthesia]]). | Common causes of ileus include [[surgery]] (major [[abdominal]] & non-[[abdominal]] surgeries), [[metabolic]] and [[electrolyte disturbances]] (such as [[hyponatremia]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hypocalcemia]] and [[hypomagnesemia]]), [[Endocrine disorders|endocrinological disorders]] (such as [[diabetes]], [[hypoparathyroidism]], [[hypothyroidism]], and [[adrenal insufficiency]]), [[Systemic diseases|systemic disorders]] (such as [[myocardial infarction]], [[pneumonia]], [[renal failure]]), [[trauma]], [[sepsis]], and [[drugs]] (such as [[opiates]], [[Anticholinergics|anticholinergic agents]], [[autonomic]] blockers, [[tricyclic antidepressants]] and [[General anaesthesia|general anesthesia]]). | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
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The common causes of ileus include:<ref name="pmid28985845">{{cite journal |vauthors=Funder JA, Tolstrup R, Jepsen BN, Iversen LH |title=Postoperative paralytic ileus remains a problem following surgery for advanced pelvic cancers |journal=J. Surg. Res. |volume=218 |issue= |pages=167–173 |year=2017 |pmid=28985845 |doi=10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.044 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28261776">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aday U, Gündeş E, Değer KC, Çiyiltepe H, Kayıpmaz Ş, Duman M |title=A rare cause of ileus: late jejunal stricture following blunt abdominal trauma |journal=Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=74–76 |year=2017 |pmid=28261776 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27999957">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stakenborg N, Gomez-Pinilla PJ, Boeckxstaens GE |title=Postoperative Ileus: Pathophysiology, Current Therapeutic Approaches |journal=Handb Exp Pharmacol |volume=239 |issue= |pages=39–57 |year=2017 |pmid=27999957 |doi=10.1007/164_2016_108 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28025959">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boobés K, Rosa RM, Batlle D |title=Hypokalemia associated with acute colonic pseudo-obstruction in an ESRD patient |journal=Clin. Nephrol. |volume=87 (2017) |issue=3 |pages=152–156 |year=2017 |pmid=28025959 |doi=10.5414/CN109002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27870743">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guay J, Nishimori M, Kopp SL |title=Epidural Local Anesthetics Versus Opioid-Based Analgesic Regimens for Postoperative Gastrointestinal Paralysis, Vomiting, and Pain After Abdominal Surgery: A Cochrane Review |journal=Anesth. Analg. |volume=123 |issue=6 |pages=1591–1602 |year=2016 |pmid=27870743 |doi=10.1213/ANE.0000000000001628 |url=}}</ref> | The common causes of ileus include:<ref name="pmid28985845">{{cite journal |vauthors=Funder JA, Tolstrup R, Jepsen BN, Iversen LH |title=Postoperative paralytic ileus remains a problem following surgery for advanced pelvic cancers |journal=J. Surg. Res. |volume=218 |issue= |pages=167–173 |year=2017 |pmid=28985845 |doi=10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.044 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28261776">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aday U, Gündeş E, Değer KC, Çiyiltepe H, Kayıpmaz Ş, Duman M |title=A rare cause of ileus: late jejunal stricture following blunt abdominal trauma |journal=Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=74–76 |year=2017 |pmid=28261776 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27999957">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stakenborg N, Gomez-Pinilla PJ, Boeckxstaens GE |title=Postoperative Ileus: Pathophysiology, Current Therapeutic Approaches |journal=Handb Exp Pharmacol |volume=239 |issue= |pages=39–57 |year=2017 |pmid=27999957 |doi=10.1007/164_2016_108 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28025959">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boobés K, Rosa RM, Batlle D |title=Hypokalemia associated with acute colonic pseudo-obstruction in an ESRD patient |journal=Clin. Nephrol. |volume=87 (2017) |issue=3 |pages=152–156 |year=2017 |pmid=28025959 |doi=10.5414/CN109002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27870743">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guay J, Nishimori M, Kopp SL |title=Epidural Local Anesthetics Versus Opioid-Based Analgesic Regimens for Postoperative Gastrointestinal Paralysis, Vomiting, and Pain After Abdominal Surgery: A Cochrane Review |journal=Anesth. Analg. |volume=123 |issue=6 |pages=1591–1602 |year=2016 |pmid=27870743 |doi=10.1213/ANE.0000000000001628 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Any [[abdominal]] [[surgery]] | * Any [[abdominal]] [[surgery]] | ||
* | * [[Acute pancreatitis]] | ||
* [[Hypokalemia]] | * [[Hypokalemia]] | ||
* [[Mechanical ventilation]] | * [[Mechanical ventilation]] | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
* [[Uremia]] | * [[Uremia]] | ||
* Uro[[sepsis]] | * Uro[[sepsis]] | ||
* Trauma | * [[Trauma]] | ||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Gastroenterologic''' | | '''Gastroenterologic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" |Adenomatous polyps, [[Annular pancreas]], [[Appendicitis]], [[Atresia]], Biliary calculus, [[Cholecystitis]], [[Cholecystolithiasis]], [[Colon Cancer]], Complications of intra-abdominal surgery, [[Congenital megacolon]], [[Crohn's Disease]], Diverticular [[stricture]], [[Diverticulitis]], [[Gallstone ileus]], [[Gastrointestinal bleeding]], [[Hematoma]] of the bowel wall, [[Hemoperitoneum]], [[Hernia]], [[Incarcerated hernia]], [[Intestinal ischaemia]], Intrabdominal [[hematoma]], [[intussusception ]] , [[Megacolon]], [[Mesenteric infarction]], [[Mesenteric ischemia]], Multiple polyposis syndromes, [[Superior mesenteric artery]] occlusion, Ulcer perforation, [[Ulcerative colitis]], [[Volvulus]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Adenomatous]] polyps, [[Annular pancreas]], [[Appendicitis]], [[Atresia]], [[Cholelithiasis|Biliary calculus]], [[Cholecystitis]], [[Cholecystolithiasis]], [[Colon Cancer]], Complications of intra-[[abdominal]] surgery, [[Congenital megacolon]], [[Crohn's Disease]], Diverticular [[stricture]], [[Diverticulitis]], [[Gallstone ileus]], [[Gastrointestinal bleeding]], [[Hematoma]] of the bowel wall, [[Hemoperitoneum]], [[Hernia]], [[Incarcerated hernia]], [[Intestinal ischaemia]], Intrabdominal [[hematoma]], [[intussusception ]] , [[Megacolon]], [[Mesenteric infarction]], [[Mesenteric ischemia]], Multiple polyposis syndromes, [[Superior mesenteric artery]] occlusion, [[Ulcer]] perforation, [[Ulcerative colitis]], [[Volvulus]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Iatrogenic''' | | '''Iatrogenic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" |Abdominal [[surgery]], [[adhesions]], [[Anastomotic]] leaks, [[Joint]] or [[spine]] surgery, [[Laparotomy]], Postoperative, [[Surgery]] complication, Surgical [[anastomosis]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Abdominal]] [[surgery]], [[adhesions]], [[Anastomotic]] leaks, [[Joint]] or [[spine]] surgery, [[Laparotomy]], Postoperative, [[Surgery]] complication, [[Surgery|Surgical]] [[anastomosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Neurologic''' | | '''Neurologic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Spinal cord]] inflammation, [[Spinal cord injury]] | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Spinal cord]] [[inflammation]], [[Spinal cord injury]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Trauma''' | | '''Trauma''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" |Injury or trauma to | | bgcolor="Beige" |Injury or trauma to [[abdomen]] , Injury to the [[abdominal]] blood supply , Penetrating wounds | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
Revision as of 18:02, 27 February 2018
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Ileus Microchapters |
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Ileus causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Ileus causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Common causes of ileus include surgery (major abdominal & non-abdominal surgeries), metabolic and electrolyte disturbances (such as hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia), endocrinological disorders (such as diabetes, hypoparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency), systemic disorders (such as myocardial infarction, pneumonia, renal failure), trauma, sepsis, and drugs (such as opiates, anticholinergic agents, autonomic blockers, tricyclic antidepressants and general anesthesia).
Causes
Common Causes
The common causes of ileus include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Any abdominal surgery
- Acute pancreatitis
- Hypokalemia
- Mechanical ventilation
- Morphine
- Pancreatitis
- Peritonitis
- Retroperitoneal hematoma
- Mesenteric infarction
- Uremia
- Urosepsis
- Trauma
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Causes based on type of obstruction
Earlier, the term ileus was used to describe temporary cessation of intestinal peristalsis. In the recent times, the term "ileus" has been modified to include temporary cessation of intestinal peristalsis in the absence of mechanical obstruction. However, in order to include all the causes, we are hereby including all the causes which may lead to cessation of intestinal peristalsis. The list as below:
Mechanical Obstruction
- Adenomatous polyps
- Adhesions
- Adhesive bands
- Annular pancreas
- Ascariades
- Atresia
- Biliary calculus
- Bowel duplication
- Carcinomatosis
- Colon Cancer
- Congenital megacolon
- Crohn's Disease
- Cysts
- Diverticular stricture
- Diverticulitis
- Endometriosis
- Foreign body
- Gallstone ileus
- Hematoma of the bowel wall
- Hernia
- Hirschprung's disease
- Iatrogenic
- Imperforate anus
- Incarcerated hernia
- Inflammatory
- Intrabdominal abscess
- Intrabdominal hematoma
- Invagination, intussisception
- Ischemia
- Malrotation
- Meckel's Diverticulum
- Megacolon
- Multiple polyposis syndromes
- Neoplasm
- Ovarian Cancer
- Pneumatosis intestinalis
- Postoperative
- Pregnancy
- Radiation induced stenosis
- Sarcoma
- Scleroderma
- Surgical anastomosis
- Therapy with dietary fiber
- Trauma
- Tuberculosis
- Ulcerative colitis
- Volvulus
Non-Mechanical Obstruction
- Acid-base imbalance
- Acute pancreatitis
- Anticholinergics
- Antihistamines
- Apoplexy
- Brain tumor
- Cancer
- Catecholamines
- Cholecystolithiasis
- Connective tissue disease
- Diabetic coma
- Empyema
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hypokalemia
- Lead poisoning
- Lymphoma
- Mechanical ventilation
- Mesenteric infarction
- Morphine
- Narcotics
- Osteomyelitis of the spine
- Ovarian torsion
- Pancreatitis
- Penetrating wounds
- Perinephric abscess
- Peritoneal carcinomatosis
- Peritonitis
- Pneumonia
- Porphyria
- Postoperative
- Psoas abscess
- Pyelonephritis
- Renal colic
- Retroperitoneal hematoma
- Spinal cord inflammation
- Spinal cord injury
- Spinal cord trauma
- Systemic infection
- Testicular torsion
- Ulcer perforation
- Uremia
- Urosepsis
- Vitamin deficiency
Pseudo-Obstruction
- Aerophagia
- Functional bowel disease
References
- ↑ Funder JA, Tolstrup R, Jepsen BN, Iversen LH (2017). "Postoperative paralytic ileus remains a problem following surgery for advanced pelvic cancers". J. Surg. Res. 218: 167–173. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.044. PMID 28985845.
- ↑ Aday U, Gündeş E, Değer KC, Çiyiltepe H, Kayıpmaz Ş, Duman M (2017). "A rare cause of ileus: late jejunal stricture following blunt abdominal trauma". Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 23 (1): 74–76. PMID 28261776.
- ↑ Stakenborg N, Gomez-Pinilla PJ, Boeckxstaens GE (2017). "Postoperative Ileus: Pathophysiology, Current Therapeutic Approaches". Handb Exp Pharmacol. 239: 39–57. doi:10.1007/164_2016_108. PMID 27999957.
- ↑ Boobés K, Rosa RM, Batlle D (2017). "Hypokalemia associated with acute colonic pseudo-obstruction in an ESRD patient". Clin. Nephrol. 87 (2017) (3): 152–156. doi:10.5414/CN109002. PMID 28025959.
- ↑ Guay J, Nishimori M, Kopp SL (2016). "Epidural Local Anesthetics Versus Opioid-Based Analgesic Regimens for Postoperative Gastrointestinal Paralysis, Vomiting, and Pain After Abdominal Surgery: A Cochrane Review". Anesth. Analg. 123 (6): 1591–1602. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001628. PMID 27870743.