Diaphragmatic paralysis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The incidence of diaphragmatic paralysis is unknown, but incidence of diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiac surgery is approximately 30000 to 75000 per 100,000 individuals. Prevalence of diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiac surgery is 1600 per 100,000 in children.The morbidity and mortality of the unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is related to underlying pulmonary function and etiology. Most of the bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis are symptomatic and may develop ventilatory failure.Patients of all age groups may develop diaphragmatic paralysis. There is no racial predilection to diaphragmatic paralysis. Men are more commonly affected. | The [[incidence]] of diaphragmatic paralysis is unknown, but [[incidence]] of diaphragmatic paralysis after [[cardiac surgery]] is approximately 30000 to 75000 per 100,000 individuals. Prevalence of diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiac surgery is 1600 per 100,000 in children.The [[morbidity]] and [[mortality]] of the unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is related to underlying pulmonary function and [[etiology]]. Most of the bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis are [[symptomatic]] and may develop ventilatory failure. Patients of all age groups may develop diaphragmatic paralysis. There is no racial predilection to diaphragmatic paralysis. Men are more commonly affected. | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
*The [[incidence]] of diaphragmatic paralysis is unknown, but incidence of diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiac surgery is approximately 30000 to 75000 per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid1929616">{{cite journal |vauthors=Efthimiou J, Butler J, Woodham C, Benson MK, Westaby S |title=Diaphragm paralysis following cardiac surgery: role of phrenic nerve cold injury |journal=Ann. Thorac. Surg. |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=1005–8 |year=1991 |pmid=1929616 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *The [[incidence]] of diaphragmatic paralysis is unknown, but [[incidence]] of diaphragmatic paralysis after [[cardiac surgery]] is approximately 30000 to 75000 per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid1929616">{{cite journal |vauthors=Efthimiou J, Butler J, Woodham C, Benson MK, Westaby S |title=Diaphragm paralysis following cardiac surgery: role of phrenic nerve cold injury |journal=Ann. Thorac. Surg. |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=1005–8 |year=1991 |pmid=1929616 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Prevalence=== | ===Prevalence=== | ||
The prevalence of diaphragmatic paralysis is unknown, but prevalence of diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiac surgery is 1600 per 100,000 in children. <ref name="pmid10469969">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Leeuw M, Williams JM, Freedom RM, Williams WG, Shemie SD, McCrindle BW |title=Impact of diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiothoracic surgery in children |journal=J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. |volume=118 |issue=3 |pages=510–7 |year=1999 |pmid=10469969 |doi=10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70190-X |url=}}</ref> | The [[prevalence]] of diaphragmatic paralysis is unknown, but [[prevalence]] of diaphragmatic paralysis after [[cardiac surgery]] is 1600 per 100,000 in children. <ref name="pmid10469969">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Leeuw M, Williams JM, Freedom RM, Williams WG, Shemie SD, McCrindle BW |title=Impact of diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiothoracic surgery in children |journal=J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. |volume=118 |issue=3 |pages=510–7 |year=1999 |pmid=10469969 |doi=10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70190-X |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate=== | ===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate=== | ||
* The morbidity and mortality of the unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is related to underlying pulmonary function and etiology.<ref name="pmid14723798">{{cite journal |vauthors=Canbaz S, Turgut N, Halici U, Balci K, Ege T, Duran E |title=Electrophysiological evaluation of phrenic nerve injury during cardiac surgery--a prospective, controlled, clinical study |journal=BMC Surg |volume=4 |issue= |pages=2 |year=2004 |pmid=14723798 |pmc=320489 |doi=10.1186/1471-2482-4-2 |url=}}</ref> | * The [[morbidity]] and [[mortality]] of the unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is related to underlying [[Pulmonary function test|pulmonary function]] and [[etiology]].<ref name="pmid14723798">{{cite journal |vauthors=Canbaz S, Turgut N, Halici U, Balci K, Ege T, Duran E |title=Electrophysiological evaluation of phrenic nerve injury during cardiac surgery--a prospective, controlled, clinical study |journal=BMC Surg |volume=4 |issue= |pages=2 |year=2004 |pmid=14723798 |pmc=320489 |doi=10.1186/1471-2482-4-2 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Most of the unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during imaging and mortality rate are low. | * Most of the unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis are [[asymptomatic]] and are discovered incidentally during [[imaging]] and [[mortality rate]] are low. | ||
* Most of the bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis are symptomatic and may develop ventilatory failure. | * Most of the bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis are [[symptomatic]] and may develop ventilatory failure. | ||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
===Gender=== | ===Gender=== | ||
*Men are more commonly affected by diaphragmatic paralysis | *Men are more commonly affected by diaphragmatic paralysis than women.<ref name="pmid1583519">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lagueny A, Ellie E, Saintarailles J, Marthan R, Barat M, Julien J |title=Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis: an electrophysiological study |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=316–8 |year=1992 |pmid=1583519 |pmc=489048 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 16:36, 28 February 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahda Alihashemi M.D. [2]
Overview
The incidence of diaphragmatic paralysis is unknown, but incidence of diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiac surgery is approximately 30000 to 75000 per 100,000 individuals. Prevalence of diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiac surgery is 1600 per 100,000 in children.The morbidity and mortality of the unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is related to underlying pulmonary function and etiology. Most of the bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis are symptomatic and may develop ventilatory failure. Patients of all age groups may develop diaphragmatic paralysis. There is no racial predilection to diaphragmatic paralysis. Men are more commonly affected.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of diaphragmatic paralysis is unknown, but incidence of diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiac surgery is approximately 30000 to 75000 per 100,000 individuals.[1]
Prevalence
The prevalence of diaphragmatic paralysis is unknown, but prevalence of diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiac surgery is 1600 per 100,000 in children. [2]
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- The morbidity and mortality of the unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is related to underlying pulmonary function and etiology.[3]
- Most of the unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during imaging and mortality rate are low.
- Most of the bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis are symptomatic and may develop ventilatory failure.
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop diaphragmatic paralysis.
Race
- There is no racial predilection to diaphragmatic paralysis.
Gender
- Men are more commonly affected by diaphragmatic paralysis than women.[4]
References
- ↑ Efthimiou J, Butler J, Woodham C, Benson MK, Westaby S (1991). "Diaphragm paralysis following cardiac surgery: role of phrenic nerve cold injury". Ann. Thorac. Surg. 52 (4): 1005–8. PMID 1929616.
- ↑ de Leeuw M, Williams JM, Freedom RM, Williams WG, Shemie SD, McCrindle BW (1999). "Impact of diaphragmatic paralysis after cardiothoracic surgery in children". J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 118 (3): 510–7. doi:10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70190-X. PMID 10469969.
- ↑ Canbaz S, Turgut N, Halici U, Balci K, Ege T, Duran E (2004). "Electrophysiological evaluation of phrenic nerve injury during cardiac surgery--a prospective, controlled, clinical study". BMC Surg. 4: 2. doi:10.1186/1471-2482-4-2. PMC 320489. PMID 14723798.
- ↑ Lagueny A, Ellie E, Saintarailles J, Marthan R, Barat M, Julien J (1992). "Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis: an electrophysiological study". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 55 (4): 316–8. PMC 489048. PMID 1583519.