/* Incidence of Community–Acquired Pneumonia in 2010 in Children 0–4 Years of Age in 192 Countries{{cite journal| author=Rudan I, O'Brien KL, Nair H, Liu L, Theodoratou E, Qazi S et al.| title=Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 201...
==Incidence of Community–Acquired Pneumonia in 2010 in Children 0–4 Years of Age in 192 Countries<ref name="pmid23826505">{{cite journal| author=Rudan I, O'Brien KL, Nair H, Liu L, Theodoratou E, Qazi S et al.| title=Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries. | journal=J Glob Health | year= 2013 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 010401 | pmid=23826505 | doi=10.7189/jogh.03.010401 | pmc=PMC3700032 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23826505 }} </ref>==
==Community Acquired Pneumonia==
{|style="float:right"
|[[File:Percentage_of_adults_aged_65_and_over_who_had_ever_received_a_pneumococcal_vaccination_United_States,_1997–2012.png|thumb|450px|''' Percentage of adults aged 65 and over who had ever received a pneumococcal vaccination: United States, 1997–2012'''<br> Graph obtained from CDC <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/earlyrelease201306_05.pdf |title=CDC Early Release of Selected Estimates Based on Data From the 2012 National Health Interview Survey - Receipt of pneumococcal vaccination}}</ref>]]
|}
*As many as 400,000 hospitalizations from pneumococcal pneumonia are estimated to occur annually in the United States. Pneumococci accounts for about 30% of adult community-acquired pneumonia. <ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/clinicians/clinical-features.html| title= CDC Pneumococcal Disease - Clinical Features}} </ref>
*In 2012, 59.9% of adults 65 years and older received a pneumococcal vaccination.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm| title=CDC Pneumonia FastStats}} </ref>
*In 2010, the number of discharges for patient admitted with pneumonia in hospitals in the US was 1.1 million patients. The average length of stay for pneumonia patients admitted to hospitals was 5.2 days.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm| title=CDC Pneumonia FastStats}} </ref>
*An increasing rate of CAP is seen with age. Approximately 5 to 6 cases of [[pneumonia]] per 1000 persons are observed among adults. A pronounced seasonal effect on the number of patients presenting to the emergency department is also noted. During the winter months, there is an approximately 50% rise in the number of cases compared to the summer months.<ref name="Marrie-2005">{{Cite journal | last1 = Marrie | first1 = TJ. | last2 = Huang | first2 = JQ. | title = Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in Edmonton, Alberta: an emergency department-based study. | journal = Can Respir J | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 139-42 | month = Apr | year = 2005 | doi = | PMID = 15875065 }}</ref>
*''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' is the leading cause of [[pneumonia]] worldwide.<ref name="Miniño-2011">{{Cite journal | last1 = Miniño | first1 = AM. | last2 = Murphy | first2 = SL. | last3 = Xu | first3 = J. | last4 = Kochanek | first4 = KD. | title = Deaths: final data for 2008. | journal = Natl Vital Stat Rep | volume = 59 | issue = 10 | pages = 1-126 | month = Dec | year = 2011 | doi = | PMID = 22808755 }}</ref>
===Mortality===
* About 3.5 million deaths yearly have been attributed to [[lower respiratory tract infection]]s (LRTI). LTRIs are the third most common cause of overall death and the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide.<ref name="www.who.int">{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = WHO | The top 10 causes of death | url = http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.html | publisher = | date = | accessdate = }}</ref>
* [[Pneumonia]] is the ninth leading cause of death in the United States.
* The number of deaths in the US in 2011 attributed to pneumonia was 52,294. <ref name=CDC>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm| title=CDC Pneumonia FastStats}} </ref>
* Pneumonia mortality rate was 16.8 deaths per 100,000 in the US in 2011. <ref name=CDC>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm| title=CDC Pneumonia FastStats}} </ref>
* A higher mortality rate is seen in invasive diseases, nursing home patients and severe [[bacteremia]].
* More than 40 % mortality rate is seen in ICU admitted patients.
* The percentage of hospital inpatient deaths from pneumonia in the US 2006 was 3.4%. <ref>http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_13/sr13_168.pdf</ref>
===Age===
*Individuals older than 85 years of age are at a particularly high risk of developing CAP that can reach an annual rate of 5-10%.<ref name="pmid15578365">{{cite journal| author=Jackson ML, Neuzil KM, Thompson WW, Shay DK, Yu O, Hanson CA et al.| title=The burden of community-acquired pneumonia in seniors: results of a population-based study. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 39 | issue= 11 | pages= 1642-50 | pmid=15578365 | doi=10.1086/425615 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15578365 }} </ref>
*Individuals younger than 3 years and older than 65 years of age are more likely to be hospitalized with severe symptoms and complications.
===Gender===
*The risk of CAP is similar in males and females.
===Incidence of Community–Acquired Pneumonia in 2010 in Children 0–4 Years of Age in 192 Countries<ref name="pmid23826505">{{cite journal| author=Rudan I, O'Brien KL, Nair H, Liu L, Theodoratou E, Qazi S et al.| title=Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries. | journal=J Glob Health | year= 2013 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 010401 | pmid=23826505 | doi=10.7189/jogh.03.010401 | pmc=PMC3700032 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23826505 }} </ref>==
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Pneumonia is a common illness in all parts of the world. It is a major cause of death among all age groups. Mortality from pneumonia generally decreases with age until late adulthood. Elderly individuals, however, are at particular risk for pneumonia and associated mortality. More cases of pneumonia occur during the winter months than during other times of the year. Pneumonia occurs more commonly in males than females, and more often in African Americans than caucasians. People who are hospitalized for any reason are also at high risk for pneumonia. Following urinary tract infections, pneumonia is the second most common cause of nosocomial infections, and its prevalence is 15-20% of the total number.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Table 1. Incidence of pneumococcal infections in the United States.
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Incidence by Age Group, 1998 and 2008. Obtained from CDC [1]
United States of America
It is the seventh most common cause of death in the United States
It causes around 500,000 hospitalizations and 65,000 deaths annually.
International
It is a common illness in all parts of the world, but countries like India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Nigeria have high rates of childhood pneumonia.[2]
Age
The incidence is higher in children and elderly.
In children, the majority of deaths occur in the newborn period, with over two million worldwide deaths a year.
In fact, the WHO estimates that one in three newborn infant deaths are due to pneumonia.
Mortality decreases with age until late adulthood; elderly individuals are particularly at risk for CAP and associated mortality.
Seasonal
More common during winter months than during other times of the year.
Gender
CAP occurs more commonly in males than females
Race
More common in African Americans than caucasians.
Mortality
Patients hospitalized with pneumonia have a mortality rate of 12-14%.
Percentage of adults aged 65 and over who had ever received a pneumococcal vaccination: United States, 1997–2012 Graph obtained from CDC [4]
As many as 400,000 hospitalizations from pneumococcal pneumonia are estimated to occur annually in the United States. Pneumococci accounts for about 30% of adult community-acquired pneumonia. [5]
In 2012, 59.9% of adults 65 years and older received a pneumococcal vaccination.[6]
In 2010, the number of discharges for patient admitted with pneumonia in hospitals in the US was 1.1 million patients. The average length of stay for pneumonia patients admitted to hospitals was 5.2 days.[6]
An increasing rate of CAP is seen with age. Approximately 5 to 6 cases of pneumonia per 1000 persons are observed among adults. A pronounced seasonal effect on the number of patients presenting to the emergency department is also noted. During the winter months, there is an approximately 50% rise in the number of cases compared to the summer months.[7]
About 3.5 million deaths yearly have been attributed to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). LTRIs are the third most common cause of overall death and the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide.[9]
Pneumonia is the ninth leading cause of death in the United States.
The number of deaths in the US in 2011 attributed to pneumonia was 52,294. [6]
Pneumonia mortality rate was 16.8 deaths per 100,000 in the US in 2011. [6]
A higher mortality rate is seen in invasive diseases, nursing home patients and severe bacteremia.
More than 40 % mortality rate is seen in ICU admitted patients.
The percentage of hospital inpatient deaths from pneumonia in the US 2006 was 3.4%. [10]
Age
Individuals older than 85 years of age are at a particularly high risk of developing CAP that can reach an annual rate of 5-10%.[11]
Individuals younger than 3 years and older than 65 years of age are more likely to be hospitalized with severe symptoms and complications.
Gender
The risk of CAP is similar in males and females.
=Incidence of Community–Acquired Pneumonia in 2010 in Children 0–4 Years of Age in 192 Countries[12]
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