Respiratory failure causes: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MKA}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MKA}}  
==Overview==
==Overview==
Common causes of respiratory failure include pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome, atelectasis, asthma, COPD, neuromuscular and chest wall disorders, inadequate post-operative analgesia, smoking, obesity and shock.     
Common causes of respiratory failure include [[pneumonia]], [[pulmonary edema]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[acute respiratory distress syndrome]], [[atelectasis]], [[asthma]], [[COPD]], [[neuromuscular]] and [[chest wall]] disorders, inadequate post-operative [[analgesia]], [[smoking]], [[obesity]] and [[shock]].     
==Causes==
==Causes==
Causes of respiratory failure include:<ref name="Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.urlRespiratory Failure | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)">{{cite web |url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/respiratory-failure |title=Respiratory Failure &#124; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
Causes of respiratory failure include:<ref name="Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.urlRespiratory Failure | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)">{{cite web |url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/respiratory-failure |title=Respiratory Failure &#124; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>


*Type I respiratory failure:
*Type I respiratory failure:
**Pneumonia
**[[Pneumonia]]
**Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
**[[Cardiogenic pulmonary edema]]
***Caused by increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries
***Caused by increased [[hydrostatic pressure]] in the [[pulmonary]] [[capillaries]]
**Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
**Non-cardiogenic [[pulmonary edema]]
***Caused by increased permeability in the pulmonary capillaries
***Caused by increased [[permeability]] in the [[pulmonary]] [[capillaries]]
***Acute lung injury
***[[Acute lung injury]]
***Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
***[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome|Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)]]
**Pulmonary embolism
**[[Pulmonary embolism]]
**Atelectasis
**[[Atelectasis]]
**Pulmonary fibrosis
**[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]


*Type II respiratory failure:
*Type II respiratory failure:
**Central hypoventilation
**Central [[hypoventilation]]
**Asthma
**[[Asthma]]
**Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
**[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)]]
***Hypoxemia and hypercapnia often coexist
***[[Hypoxemia]] and [[hypercapnia]] often coexist
**Neuromuscular and chest wall disorders
**[[Neuromuscular]] and [[chest wall]] disorders
***Myopathies
***[[Myopathies]]
***Neuropathies
***[[Neuropathies]]
***Kyphoscoliosis
***[[Kyphoscoliosis]]
***Myasthenia gravis <ref name="pmid2040830">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roy TM, Walker JF, Farrow JR |title=Respiratory failure associated with myasthenia gravis |journal=J Ky Med Assoc |volume=89 |issue=4 |pages=169–73 |date=April 1991 |pmid=2040830 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
***[[Myasthenia gravis]] <ref name="pmid2040830">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roy TM, Walker JF, Farrow JR |title=Respiratory failure associated with myasthenia gravis |journal=J Ky Med Assoc |volume=89 |issue=4 |pages=169–73 |date=April 1991 |pmid=2040830 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
**[[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]]


*Type III respiratory failure:
*Type III respiratory failure:
**Inadequate post-operative analgesia
**Inadequate post-operative [[analgesia]]
***Upper abdominal incision
***Upper [[abdominal]] [[incision]]
**Obesity
**[[Obesity]]
**Ascites
**[[Ascites]]
**Pre-operative tobacco smoking
**Pre-operative [[tobacco smoking]]
**Excessive airway secretions
**Excessive airway secretions


*Type IV respiratory failure:
*Type IV respiratory failure:
**Cardiogenic shock
**[[Cardiogenic shock]]
**Septic shock
**[[Septic shock]]
**Hypovolemic shock
**[[Hypovolemic shock]]


===Life-threatening Causes===
===Life-threatening Causes===
Line 72: Line 72:


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |  
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" |  
[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]],
[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]],
[[Ebstein anomaly]],
[[Ebstein anomaly]],
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[[Ventricular septal defect]]
[[Ventricular septal defect]]
-
-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate]],
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate]],
[[Abrin]],
[[Abrin]],
[[Aldicarb]],
[[Aldicarb]],
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[[Snakebites (Patient information)]]
[[Snakebites (Patient information)]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Congenital'''
| '''Congenital'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]],
[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]],
[[Bland-White-Garland Syndrome]],
[[Bland-White-Garland Syndrome]],
Line 110: Line 110:
[[Respiratory distress syndrome (neonatal)]]
[[Respiratory distress syndrome (neonatal)]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect '''
| '''Drug Side Effect '''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Codeine]], [[Clozapine]], [[Crizotinib]], [[Cyclophosphamide]], [[Desmopressin]], [[Dornase Alfa]], [[Fentanyl]], [[Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid]], [[galsulfase]], [[Heroin]], [[Idursulfase]], [[interferon alfacon-1]], [[Ixabepilone]], [[Ketamine]], [[Lidocaine]], [[Labetalol]], [[Lorazepam]], [[Morphine]], [[Nitrazepam]], [[Opiate]], [[Oxymorphone]], [[Pegylated interferon alfa-2b]], [[Pramipexole]], [[Procainamide (patient information)]], [[Rasburicase]], [[Sodium thiopental]], [[Tretinoin]], [[Triazolam]], [[Vincristine sulfate liposome]],  [[Zopiclone]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Codeine]], [[Clozapine]], [[Crizotinib]], [[Cyclophosphamide]], [[Desmopressin]], [[Dornase Alfa]], [[Fentanyl]], [[Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid]], [[galsulfase]], [[Heroin]], [[Idursulfase]], [[interferon alfacon-1]], [[Ixabepilone]], [[Ketamine]], [[Lidocaine]], [[Labetalol]], [[Lorazepam]], [[Morphine]], [[Nitrazepam]], [[Opiate]], [[Oxymorphone]], [[Pegylated interferon alfa-2b]], [[Pramipexole]], [[Procainamide (patient information)]], [[Rasburicase]], [[Sodium thiopental]], [[Tretinoin]], [[Triazolam]], [[Vincristine sulfate liposome]],  [[Zopiclone]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Asbestosis]],
[[Asbestosis]],
Coal worker pneumoconiosis,
Coal worker pneumoconiosis,
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Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Hepatic failure]],
[[Hepatic failure]],
[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]
[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Achondrogenesis]],
[[Achondrogenesis]],
[[Acute Porphyria]],
[[Acute Porphyria]],
Line 156: Line 156:
[[Thanatophoric dysplasia]]
[[Thanatophoric dysplasia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Acute Porphyria]],
[[Acute Porphyria]],
[[Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome]],
[[Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome]],
Line 164: Line 164:
[[Sepsis]]
[[Sepsis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Blood transfusion]],
[[Blood transfusion]],
[[EVAR]]
[[EVAR]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Babesiosis]],
[[Babesiosis]],
[[Botulism]],
[[Botulism]],
Line 182: Line 182:
[[Tetanus]]
[[Tetanus]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Kyphoscoliosis]]
[[Kyphoscoliosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]],
[[Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]],
[[Meningitis]],
[[Meningitis]],
Line 195: Line 195:
[[Zellweger syndrome]]
[[Zellweger syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Metabolic Acidosis]]
[[Metabolic Acidosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Malignant Mesothelioma]]
[[Malignant Mesothelioma]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Acetylsalicylic acid]],
[[Acetylsalicylic acid]],
[[Alcohol]],
[[Alcohol]],
Line 228: Line 228:
[[Vinyl chloride]]
[[Vinyl chloride]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
Acute lung syndrome,
Acute lung syndrome,
[[Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome]],
[[Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome]],
Line 266: Line 266:
[[Status asthmaticus]]
[[Status asthmaticus]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
Electrolyte abnormalities
Electrolyte abnormalities
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Acute motor axonal neuropathy]],
[[Acute motor axonal neuropathy]],
[[Anaphylaxis]],
[[Anaphylaxis]],
Line 284: Line 284:
[[Satoyoshi syndrome]]
[[Satoyoshi syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Ebstein anomaly]],
[[Ebstein anomaly]],
[[Flail chest]]
[[Flail chest]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Aspiration]],
[[Aspiration]],
[[Foreign body]],
[[Foreign body]],
Line 307: Line 307:


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
<nowiki>List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
{{columns-list|3|
{{columns-list|3|</nowiki>
*[[Desmopressin]]
*[[Desmopressin]]
*[[Ixabepilone]]
*[[Ixabepilone]]

Revision as of 22:23, 6 March 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]

Overview

Common causes of respiratory failure include pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome, atelectasis, asthma, COPD, neuromuscular and chest wall disorders, inadequate post-operative analgesia, smoking, obesity and shock.

Causes

Causes of respiratory failure include:[1]

Life-threatening Causes

  • Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.
  • Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
  • [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular

Atrial septal defect (ostium primum), Ebstein anomaly, Eisenmenger syndrome, Fallot tetralogy, Pulmonary valve stenosis, Transposition of great arteries, Tricuspid valve stenosis, Ventricular septal defect -

Chemical / poisoning 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate,

Abrin, Aldicarb, Alpha-amanitin, Barium nitrate, Bungarotoxin, Carbon monoxide poisoning, Ceritinib Cocaine, Cone snail, Furfural, Snakebites (Patient information)

Congenital

Atrial septal defect (ostium primum), Bland-White-Garland Syndrome, Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome, Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Fallot tetralogy, Fetal circulation, persistent, Respiratory distress syndrome (neonatal)

Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Codeine, Clozapine, Crizotinib, Cyclophosphamide, Desmopressin, Dornase Alfa, Fentanyl, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid, galsulfase, Heroin, Idursulfase, interferon alfacon-1, Ixabepilone, Ketamine, Lidocaine, Labetalol, Lorazepam, Morphine, Nitrazepam, Opiate, Oxymorphone, Pegylated interferon alfa-2b, Pramipexole, Procainamide (patient information), Rasburicase, Sodium thiopental, Tretinoin, Triazolam, Vincristine sulfate liposome, Zopiclone
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental

Asbestosis, Coal worker pneumoconiosis, Smoke inhalation, Sulfur dioxide

Gastroenterologic

Hepatic failure, Hepatopulmonary syndrome

Genetic

Achondrogenesis, Acute Porphyria, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Atelosteogenesis, type II, Becker's muscular dystrophy, Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, Cystic fibrosis, Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy, Familial dysautonomia, Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Thanatophoric dysplasia

Hematologic

Acute Porphyria, Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome, Fat embolism, Sepsis

Iatrogenic

Blood transfusion, EVAR

Infectious Disease

Babesiosis, Botulism, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Heartworm, Post-polio syndrome, Rabies, Tetanus

Musculoskeletal / Ortho

Kyphoscoliosis

Neurologic

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Meningitis, Polyrediculitis, Zellweger syndrome

Nutritional / Metabolic

Metabolic Acidosis

Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic

Malignant Mesothelioma

Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity

Acetylsalicylic acid, Alcohol, Bufotenin, Clitocybe dealbata, Colchicine, Cytisine, Dicofol, Saxitoxin, Tetrodotoxin, Tick paralysis, Vinyl chloride

Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary

Acute lung syndrome, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Atelectasis, Bronchial asthma, Bronchiectasis, Bronchiolitis, Bronchiolitis obliterans, Bronchogenic carcinoma, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung, Emphysema, Eosinophilic pneumonia, Fibrosing alveolitis, Flail chest, Interstitial fibrosis, Laryngo-/Bronchospasm, Legionella pneumophila, Pleural effusion, Pneumonia, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, Pulmonary arterio-venous malformation, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary hypertension, Pulmonary oedema, Restrictive Lung Disease, Status asthmaticus

Renal / Electrolyte

Electrolyte abnormalities

Rheum / Immune / Allergy

Acute motor axonal neuropathy, Anaphylaxis, Angioedema, Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, Devic's disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Hamman-Rich Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis, Satoyoshi syndrome

Trauma

Ebstein anomaly, Flail chest

Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous

Aspiration, Foreign body, Malignant hyperpyrexia, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, Near-drowning, Reye's syndrome

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order. {{columns-list|3|

References

  1. ↑ "Respiratory Failure | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)".
  2. ↑ Roy TM, Walker JF, Farrow JR (April 1991). "Respiratory failure associated with myasthenia gravis". J Ky Med Assoc. 89 (4): 169–73. PMID 2040830.

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