Cyanosis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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**'''[[Congenital disorder|congenital]]''': Onset of [[cyanosis]] in early [[neonatal]] period is suggestive of [[Congenital disorder|congenital]] etiology (eg, [[Tetralogy of Fallot|congenital heat disease]]<nowiki/>s with right to left shunts, congenital [[airway]] anomalies). | **'''[[Congenital disorder|congenital]]''': Onset of [[cyanosis]] in early [[neonatal]] period is suggestive of [[Congenital disorder|congenital]] etiology (eg, [[Tetralogy of Fallot|congenital heat disease]]<nowiki/>s with right to left shunts, congenital [[airway]] anomalies). | ||
**'''[[Acquired disorder|Acquired]]''': Recent onset is suggestive of [[Acquired disorder|acquired]] [[etiology]] (eg, [[Pulmonary embolism|pulmonary embolus]], [[pneumonia]], [[asthma]], [[Congestive heart failure|cardiac failure]]). | **'''[[Acquired disorder|Acquired]]''': Recent onset is suggestive of [[Acquired disorder|acquired]] [[etiology]] (eg, [[Pulmonary embolism|pulmonary embolus]], [[pneumonia]], [[asthma]], [[Congestive heart failure|cardiac failure]]). | ||
*'''History of prior [[Respiratory disease|lung disease]]:''' | *'''History of prior [[Respiratory disease|lung disease]]:''' | ||
**Exacerbation of pre-existing [[Respiratory disease|lung diseases]] (eg, [[Asthma]], [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|COPD]], interstitial [[Respiratory disease|lung diseases]]) can cause respiratory distress and lead to [[cyanosis]]. | **Exacerbation of pre-existing [[Respiratory disease|lung diseases]] (eg, [[Asthma]], [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|COPD]], interstitial [[Respiratory disease|lung diseases]]) can cause respiratory distress and lead to [[cyanosis]]. | ||
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***[[Truncus arteriosus]] | ***[[Truncus arteriosus]] | ||
***[[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]] | ***[[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]] | ||
*'''Exposures:''' | |||
**History of [[smoke inhalation]] and asphyxiating [[Gas|gases]]. | |||
**History of exposure to low [[oxygen]] environments<ref name="pmid28752154">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gozubuyuk AA, Dag H, Kacar A, Karakurt Y, Arica V |title=Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning in child, infant, and fetus |journal=North Clin Istanb |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=100–107 |date=2017 |pmid=28752154 |pmc=5530151 |doi=10.14744/nci.2017.49368 |url=}}</ref> (eg, [[carbon monoxide poisoning]], hydrogen [[cyanide poisoning]]). | |||
*'''History of [[Physical trauma|trauma]]:''' | |||
**Motor vehicle collisions | |||
**External chest compression | |||
**History of [[Physical trauma|trauma]] to [[upper airway]] and [[Thoracic cavity|chest wall]] (eg, [[Flail chest]], [[Airway obstruction|upper airway]] [[Bone fracture|fracture]]<nowiki/>s, [[pneumothorax]], [[hemothorax]]). | |||
*'''History of neurologic disease:''' | *'''History of neurologic disease:''' | ||
**Any neurologic condition that results in [[Respiratory system|respiratory]] distress can cause [[cyanosis]] (eg, [[Seizure|seizures]], [[central nervous system]] lesions, [[cyanotic breath holding spells]] and neuromuscular disorders). | **Any neurologic condition that results in [[Respiratory system|respiratory]] distress can cause [[cyanosis]] (eg, [[Seizure|seizures]], [[central nervous system]] lesions, [[cyanotic breath holding spells]] and neuromuscular disorders). | ||
Revision as of 21:03, 8 March 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]
Overview
The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.
OR
The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
History and Symptoms
- The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.
OR
- The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
- Symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3
History
- Timing of onset of cyanosis
- congenital: Onset of cyanosis in early neonatal period is suggestive of congenital etiology (eg, congenital heat diseases with right to left shunts, congenital airway anomalies).
- Acquired: Recent onset is suggestive of acquired etiology (eg, pulmonary embolus, pneumonia, asthma, cardiac failure).
- History of prior lung disease:
- Exacerbation of pre-existing lung diseases (eg, Asthma, COPD, interstitial lung diseases) can cause respiratory distress and lead to cyanosis.
- History of congenital heart diseases:[1]
- Congenital heart disease present with profound central cyanosis in the early neonatal period.
- Left-side obstructive lesions (eg, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta)
- Right-sided obstructive lesions (eg, Tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, critical pulmonary stenosis, tricuspid atresia, Ebstein's anomaly)
- Transposition of the great arteries
- Truncus arteriosus
- Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
- Congenital heart disease present with profound central cyanosis in the early neonatal period.
- Exposures:
- History of smoke inhalation and asphyxiating gases.
- History of exposure to low oxygen environments[2] (eg, carbon monoxide poisoning, hydrogen cyanide poisoning).
- History of trauma:
- Motor vehicle collisions
- External chest compression
- History of trauma to upper airway and chest wall (eg, Flail chest, upper airway fractures, pneumothorax, hemothorax).
- History of neurologic disease:
- Any neurologic condition that results in respiratory distress can cause cyanosis (eg, seizures, central nervous system lesions, cyanotic breath holding spells and neuromuscular disorders).
- History of medications:
- Drugs causing methemoglobinemia[3] (eg, Dapsone, nitrates, nitroglycerin, local anesthetics, chloroquine, anilines and aniline dyes.)
- Drugs causing sulfhemoglobinemia (eg, sulfonamides, metoclopramide)
- Amiodarone
- Beta blockers
- Silver
- History of fever
- Fever may be present in infectious causes of cyanosis secondary to upper airway obstruction (eg, croup), lower airway disease (eg, pneumonia, empyema), and septic shock.
- Current or frequent exposure to cold
Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:
- [History finding 1]
- [History finding 2
- [History finding 3]
Common Symptoms
Common symptoms of [disease] includ
- [Symptom 1]
- [Symptom 2]
- [Symptom 3]
Less Common Symptoms
Less common symptoms of [disease name] include
- [Symptom 1]
- [Symptom 2]
- [Symptom 3]
References
- ↑ Lee JY (June 2010). "Clinical presentations of critical cardiac defects in the newborn: Decision making and initial management". Korean J Pediatr. 53 (6): 669–79. doi:10.3345/kjp.2010.53.6.669. PMC 2994134. PMID 21189937.
- ↑ Gozubuyuk AA, Dag H, Kacar A, Karakurt Y, Arica V (2017). "Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning in child, infant, and fetus". North Clin Istanb. 4 (1): 100–107. doi:10.14744/nci.2017.49368. PMC 5530151. PMID 28752154.
- ↑ Esbenshade AJ, Ho RH, Shintani A, Zhao Z, Smith LA, Friedman DL (August 2011). "Dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia: a dose-related occurrence?". Cancer. 117 (15): 3485–92. doi:10.1002/cncr.25904. PMC 3138875. PMID 21246536.