Cyanosis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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For the detailed history and symptoms of diseases associated with cyanosis click the links below. | For the detailed history and symptoms of diseases associated with cyanosis click the links below. | ||
{{MultiCol|80%} | |||
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]] | |||
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] | |||
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]] | |||
*[[Tricuspid stenosis]] | |||
*[[Transposition of great arteries]] (TGA) | |||
*[[Pulmonary stenosis]] | |||
*[[Truncus arteriosus]] | |||
*[[TAPVC]] | |||
*[[Coarctation of aorta]] | |||
*[[Aortic stenosis]] | |||
*[[Eisenmenger's syndrome]] | |||
*[[HLHS]] (Spectrum of hypoplastic left heart syndrome) | |||
*[[Left-sided heart failure]] | |||
*[[Acute chest syndrome]] | |||
*[[Pneumothorax]] | |||
*[[Foreign body aspiration]] | |||
*[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]] | |||
*Hydrogen [[cyanide poisoning]] | |||
*[[Croup]] | |||
*[[Bacterial tracheitis]] | |||
*[[Hemothorax]] | |||
*[[Pneumonia]] | |||
*[[Asthma]] | |||
*[[COPD]] | |||
*[[Bronchiolitis]] | |||
*[[Respiratory distress syndrome]] (Hyaline membrane disease) | |||
*[[Empyema]] | |||
*[[Pleural effusion]] | |||
*[[Cystic fibrosis]] | |||
*[[Atelectasis]] | |||
*[[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia]] | |||
Alveolar capillary dysplasia | |||
Pulmonary embolism | |||
Pulmonary hypertension | |||
High Altitude | |||
Intracranial hemorrhage | |||
Seizures | |||
Choanal atresia | |||
Micrognathia or retrognathia | |||
Laryngomalacia | |||
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia | |||
Myasthenia gravis | |||
Apnea of prematurity | |||
Obstructive sleep apnea | |||
Pulmonary edema | |||
Pulmonary hemorrhage | |||
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation | |||
Methemoglobinemia (congenital or acquired) | |||
Sulfhemoglobinemia | |||
Polycythemia vera | |||
Disseminated intravascular coagulation | |||
Shock | |||
Sepsis | |||
Amniotic fluid embolism | |||
Cold exposure | |||
Acrocyanosis | |||
Raynaud's phenomenon | |||
Raynaud's disease | |||
Peripheral vascular disease | |||
Buergers disease | |||
Deep vein thrombosis | |||
Superior vena cava syndrome | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 23:12, 8 March 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]
Overview
The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.
OR
The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]
History and Symptoms
- The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.
OR
- The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
- Symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3
History
- Timing of onset of cyanosis[1][2][3][4]
- congenital: Onset of cyanosis in early neonatal period is suggestive of congenital etiology (eg, congenital heat diseases with right to left shunts, congenital airway anomalies).
- Acquired: Recent onset is suggestive of acquired etiology (eg, pulmonary embolus, pneumonia, asthma, cardiac failure).
- History of prior lung disease:[5][6]
- Exacerbation of pre-existing lung diseases (eg, Asthma, COPD, interstitial lung diseases) can cause respiratory distress and lead to cyanosis.
- History of congenital heart diseases:[7][8]
- Congenital heart disease present with profound central cyanosis in the early neonatal period.
- Left-side obstructive lesions (eg, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta)
- Right-sided obstructive lesions (eg, Tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, critical pulmonary stenosis, tricuspid atresia, Ebstein's anomaly)
- Transposition of the great arteries
- Truncus arteriosus
- Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
- Congenital heart disease present with profound central cyanosis in the early neonatal period.
- Exposures:
- History of smoke inhalation and asphyxiating gases.
- History of exposure to low oxygen environments[9] (eg, carbon monoxide poisoning, hydrogen cyanide poisoning).
- History of trauma:
- Motor vehicle collisions
- External chest compression
- History of trauma to upper airway and chest wall (eg, Flail chest, upper airway fractures, pneumothorax, hemothorax).
- History of neurologic disease:
- Any neurologic condition that results in respiratory distress can cause cyanosis (eg, seizures, central nervous system lesions, cyanotic breath holding spells and neuromuscular disorders).
- History of medications:
- Drugs causing methemoglobinemia[10] (eg, Dapsone, nitrates, nitroglycerin, local anesthetics, chloroquine, anilines and aniline dyes.)
- Drugs causing sulfhemoglobinemia (eg, sulfonamides, metoclopramide)
- Amiodarone
- Beta blockers
- Silver
- Drug overdoasage/ drug abuse (eg, heroin)
- History of fever
- Fever may be present in infectious causes of cyanosis secondary to upper airway obstruction (eg, croup), lower airway disease (eg, pneumonia, empyema), and septic shock.
- Current or frequent exposure to cold[11][12]
- Miscellaneous:
- History of snake bites
- History of living in high altitudes[13]
- History of drowning and hanging
Common Symptoms
- The hallmark of cyanosis is bluish discoloration of the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, gums, and sublingual tissues, as well as hands and feet.
- Cyanosis is present in association with a wide variety of cardiac, vascular, pulmonary, neurologic and neuromuscular disorders.
- Associated symptoms:
- Chest pain: Cyanosis can be associated with pleuritic chest pain(eg, pulmonary embolism or pneumonia).
- Dyspnoea: Sudden onset of breathlessness can occur with pulmonary embolism, pulmonary edema, and asthma.
For the detailed history and symptoms of diseases associated with cyanosis click the links below. {{MultiCol|80%}
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Tricuspid atresia
- Ebstein's anomaly
- Tricuspid stenosis
- Transposition of great arteries (TGA)
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Truncus arteriosus
- TAPVC
- Coarctation of aorta
- Aortic stenosis
- Eisenmenger's syndrome
- HLHS (Spectrum of hypoplastic left heart syndrome)
- Left-sided heart failure
- Acute chest syndrome
- Pneumothorax
- Foreign body aspiration
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Hydrogen cyanide poisoning
- Croup
- Bacterial tracheitis
- Hemothorax
- Pneumonia
- Asthma
- COPD
- Bronchiolitis
- Respiratory distress syndrome (Hyaline membrane disease)
- Empyema
- Pleural effusion
- Cystic fibrosis
- Atelectasis
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Alveolar capillary dysplasia Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary hypertension High Altitude Intracranial hemorrhage Seizures Choanal atresia Micrognathia or retrognathia Laryngomalacia Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Myasthenia gravis Apnea of prematurity Obstructive sleep apnea Pulmonary edema Pulmonary hemorrhage Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation Methemoglobinemia (congenital or acquired) Sulfhemoglobinemia Polycythemia vera Disseminated intravascular coagulation Shock Sepsis Amniotic fluid embolism Cold exposure Acrocyanosis Raynaud's phenomenon Raynaud's disease Peripheral vascular disease Buergers disease Deep vein thrombosis Superior vena cava syndrome
References
- ↑ Waldman JD, Wernly JA (April 1999). "Cyanotic congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary blood flow in children". Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 46 (2): 385–404. PMID 10218082.
- ↑ Grifka RG (April 1999). "Cyanotic congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow". Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 46 (2): 405–25. PMID 10218083.
- ↑ Just-Viera JO, Norwood T, Yeager GH (April 1967). "Importance of shock and cyanosis in pulmonary embolism". Ann. Surg. 165 (4): 528–35. PMC 1617449. PMID 6021453.
- ↑ Bellini C, Boccardo F, Campisi C, Bonioli E (October 2006). "Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia". Orphanet J Rare Dis. 1: 43. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-43. PMC 1637094. PMID 17074089.
- ↑ Zoorob RJ, Campbell JS (November 2003). "Acute dyspnea in the office". Am Fam Physician. 68 (9): 1803–10. PMID 14620600.
- ↑ Chang YJ, Ali H, Draper A, Chua F (March 2013). "An unusual cause of cyanosis in a patient with COPD". BMJ Case Rep. 2013. doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-008092. PMC 3618735. PMID 23456158.
- ↑ Lee JY (June 2010). "Clinical presentations of critical cardiac defects in the newborn: Decision making and initial management". Korean J Pediatr. 53 (6): 669–79. doi:10.3345/kjp.2010.53.6.669. PMC 2994134. PMID 21189937.
- ↑ Hashim MJ, Guillet R (November 2002). "Common issues in the care of sick neonates". Am Fam Physician. 66 (9): 1685–92. PMID 12449267.
- ↑ Gozubuyuk AA, Dag H, Kacar A, Karakurt Y, Arica V (2017). "Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning in child, infant, and fetus". North Clin Istanb. 4 (1): 100–107. doi:10.14744/nci.2017.49368. PMC 5530151. PMID 28752154.
- ↑ Esbenshade AJ, Ho RH, Shintani A, Zhao Z, Smith LA, Friedman DL (August 2011). "Dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia: a dose-related occurrence?". Cancer. 117 (15): 3485–92. doi:10.1002/cncr.25904. PMC 3138875. PMID 21246536.
- ↑ Nagpal BM, Sharma R (April 2004). "Cold Injuries : The Chill Within". Med J Armed Forces India. 60 (2): 165–71. doi:10.1016/S0377-1237(04)80111-4. PMC 4923033. PMID 27407612.
- ↑ Engelhart M, Seibold JR (June 1990). "Cyanosis and Raynaud's phenomenon: the relation to underlying disease and venous abnormalities". Angiology. 41 (6): 432–8. doi:10.1177/000331979004100603. PMID 2375536.
- ↑ Jensen JD, Vincent AL. PMID 28613569. Missing or empty
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