Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung Diagnostic study of choice: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}; {{AE}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}
== Overview ==
== Overview ==
==Overview==


== Diagnostic Study of Choice ==
Computed tomography is the method of choice for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. On CT, findings of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung will depend on the location of the [[tumor]], characteristic findings include: [[Ground glass opacification on CT|ground-glass opacity]], rounded or spiculated mass, local nodal involvement, intraluminar [[obstruction]], and lobar [[Collapsed lung|collapse]].


===== Template statements =====
==CT==
*CT is the modality of choice for the evaluation of possible squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
*Certain morphological features can be suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, such as:<ref name="pmid8190965">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Templeton PA, Moran CA |title=Bronchogenic carcinoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation |journal=Radiographics |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=429–46; quiz 447–8 |year=1994 |pmid=8190965 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.14.2.8190965 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19234288">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parker MS, Chasen MH, Paul N |title=Radiologic signs in thoracic imaging: case-based review and self-assessment module |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=192 |issue=3 Suppl |pages=S34–48 |year=2009 |pmid=19234288 |doi=10.2214/AJR.07.7081 |url=}}</ref>
:*[[Cavitation]], usually secondary to tumoral [[necrosis]]
:*Central [[Scar tissue|scar]]
:*Usually measure larger than 4 cm in diameter
*CT features involved in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, include:
:*Staging of the disease
:*Dictation of the prognosis and treatment


=== Study of choice: ===
*CT findings of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, include:  
* [Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
* The following result of [gold standard test] is confirmatory of [disease name]:
** Result 1
** Result 2
* The [name of the investigation] should be performed when:
** The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1. 2, 3.
** A positive [test] is detected in the patient.
* [Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
* The diagnostic study of choice for [disease name] is [name of the investigation].
* There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name].
* There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name], but [disease name] can be diagnosed based on [name of the investigation 1] and [name of the investigation 2].
* [Disease name] is mainly diagnosed based on clinical presentation.
* Investigations:
** Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most specific test for the diagnosis.
** Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most sensitive test for diagnosis.
** Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most efficient test for diagnosis.


==== The comparison table for diagnostic studies of choice for [disease name] ====
:'''Central location'''
{|
:*[[Intraluminal]] obstruction
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
:*Lung collapse and/or obstructive pneumonitis
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" | Test
:*[[Ground glass opacification on CT|Ground-glass opacity]]
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Sensitivity
:*Rounded or spiculated mass
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specificity
:*Local nodal involvement
|-
:*Intraluminar obstruction
! style="background: #696969; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Test 1
:*Segmental or lobar [[Collapsed lung|lung collapse]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |✔
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |...%
|-
! style="background: #696969; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Test 2
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |...%
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |✔
|}
<small> ✔= The best test based on the feature </small>


===== Diagnostic results =====
:'''Peripheral location'''
The following result of [investigation name] is confirmatory of [disease name]:
:*Solid nodule/mass with or without an irregular border
* Result 1
:*Irregular margins
* Result 2
:*[[Desmoplasia|Desmoplastic]] reaction or infiltrative growth
:*Similar to central [[lung cancer]], peripheral squamous cell carcinoma of the lung can also result in obstructive changes such as a [[mucocele]].


===== Sequence of Diagnostic Studies =====
*On CT, signs of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, may include:<ref name="pmid7208937">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kundel HL |title=Predictive value and threshold detectability of lung tumors |journal=Radiology |volume=139 |issue=1 |pages=25–9 |year=1981 |pmid=7208937 |doi=10.1148/radiology.139.1.7208937 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19234288">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parker MS, Chasen MH, Paul N |title=Radiologic signs in thoracic imaging: case-based review and self-assessment module |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=192 |issue=3 Suppl |pages=S34–48 |year=2009 |pmid=19234288 |doi=10.2214/AJR.07.7081 |url=}}</ref>
The [name of investigation] should be performed when:
:* '''Finger in glove sign''': the bronchus distal to the obstruction is dilated
* The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1, 2, and 3 as the first step of diagnosis.
:* '''Crazy-paving sign''':  appearance of ground-glass opacity with superimposed interlobular septal thickening and intralobular reticular thickening
* A positive [test] is detected in the patient, to confirm the diagnosis.


=== Diagnostic Criteria ===
==Gallery==
* Here you should describe the details of the diagnostic criteria.
*Always mention the name of the criteria/definition you are about to list (e.g. modified Duke criteria for the diagnosis of endocarditis / 3rd universal definition of MI) and cite the primary source of where this criteria/definition is found.
*Although not necessary, it is recommended that you include the criteria in a table. Make sure you always cite the source of the content and whether the table has been adapted from another source.
*Be very clear as to the number of criteria (or threshold) that needs to be met out of the total number of criteria.
*Distinguish criteria based on their nature (e.g. clinical criteria / pathological criteria/ imaging criteria) before discussing them in details.
*To view an example (endocarditis diagnostic criteria), click [[Endocarditis diagnosis|here]]
*If relevant, add additional information that might help the reader distinguish various criteria or the evolution of criteria (e.g. original criteria vs. modified criteria).
*You may also add information about the sensitivity and specificity of the criteria, the pre-test probability, and other figures that may help the reader understand how valuable the criteria are clinically.
* [Disease name] is mainly diagnosed based on clinical presentation. There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
* There is no single diagnostic study of choice for [disease name], though [disease name] may be diagnosed based on [name of criteria] established by [...].


* The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
<div align="left">
* The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
<gallery heights="175" widths="175">
Image:Bronchogenic-carcinoma-with-upper-lobe-collapse.jpg|'''Bronchogenic lung carcincoma''': upper lobe collapse via, radiopedia.org Case courtesy of Dr Ahmed Abdrabou, <ref> href="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org</a>. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/29297">rID: 29297</ref>
Image:Bronchogenic-carcinoma-with-lymphangitic-spread.jpg|'''Bronchogenic lung carcincoma''': upper lobe with lymphangitic spread via, radiopedia.org Case courtesy of Dr Ahmed Abdrabou, <ref> href="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org</a>. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/29002">rID: 29002</ref>
Image:Lung-squamous-cell-carcinoma.jpg|'''Squamous cell lung carcinoma''': Peripheral squamous cell lung carcinoma may be seen as a solid nodule/mass with or without an irregular border. The irregular margin can be attributed to a desmoplastic reaction or infiltrative growth via, radiopedia.org Case courtesy of Dr Bruno Di Muzio, <ref> href="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org</a>. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/27915">rID: 27915</ref>
</gallery>
</div>


* [Disease name] may be diagnosed at any time if one or more of the following criteria are met:
==References==
** Criteria 1
{{reflist|2}}
** Criteria 2
** Criteria 3


IF there are clear, established diagnostic criteria:
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
*The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
*The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
*The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
IF there are no established diagnostic criteria: 
*There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].


 
[[Category:Disease]]
==References==
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
{{WH}}
[[Category:Lung cancer]]
{{WS}}
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Surgery]]

Revision as of 13:30, 14 March 2018

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Overview

Computed tomography is the method of choice for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. On CT, findings of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung will depend on the location of the tumor, characteristic findings include: ground-glass opacity, rounded or spiculated mass, local nodal involvement, intraluminar obstruction, and lobar collapse.

CT

  • CT is the modality of choice for the evaluation of possible squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
  • Certain morphological features can be suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, such as:[1][2]
  • CT features involved in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, include:
  • Staging of the disease
  • Dictation of the prognosis and treatment
  • CT findings of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, include:
Central location
Peripheral location
  • Solid nodule/mass with or without an irregular border
  • Irregular margins
  • Desmoplastic reaction or infiltrative growth
  • Similar to central lung cancer, peripheral squamous cell carcinoma of the lung can also result in obstructive changes such as a mucocele.
  • On CT, signs of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, may include:[3][2]
  • Finger in glove sign: the bronchus distal to the obstruction is dilated
  • Crazy-paving sign: appearance of ground-glass opacity with superimposed interlobular septal thickening and intralobular reticular thickening

Gallery

  • Bronchogenic lung carcincoma: upper lobe collapse via, radiopedia.org Case courtesy of Dr Ahmed Abdrabou, [4]

    Bronchogenic lung carcincoma: upper lobe collapse via, radiopedia.org Case courtesy of Dr Ahmed Abdrabou, [4]

  • Bronchogenic lung carcincoma: upper lobe with lymphangitic spread via, radiopedia.org Case courtesy of Dr Ahmed Abdrabou, [5]

    Bronchogenic lung carcincoma: upper lobe with lymphangitic spread via, radiopedia.org Case courtesy of Dr Ahmed Abdrabou, [5]

  • Squamous cell lung carcinoma: Peripheral squamous cell lung carcinoma may be seen as a solid nodule/mass with or without an irregular border. The irregular margin can be attributed to a desmoplastic reaction or infiltrative growth via, radiopedia.org Case courtesy of Dr Bruno Di Muzio, [6]

    Squamous cell lung carcinoma: Peripheral squamous cell lung carcinoma may be seen as a solid nodule/mass with or without an irregular border. The irregular margin can be attributed to a desmoplastic reaction or infiltrative growth via, radiopedia.org Case courtesy of Dr Bruno Di Muzio, [6]

References

  1. ↑ Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Templeton PA, Moran CA (1994). "Bronchogenic carcinoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation". Radiographics. 14 (2): 429–46, quiz 447–8. doi:10.1148/radiographics.14.2.8190965. PMID 8190965.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Parker MS, Chasen MH, Paul N (2009). "Radiologic signs in thoracic imaging: case-based review and self-assessment module". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192 (3 Suppl): S34–48. doi:10.2214/AJR.07.7081. PMID 19234288.
  3. ↑ Kundel HL (1981). "Predictive value and threshold detectability of lung tumors". Radiology. 139 (1): 25–9. doi:10.1148/radiology.139.1.7208937. PMID 7208937.
  4. ↑ href="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org</a>. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/29297">rID: 29297
  5. ↑ href="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org</a>. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/29002">rID: 29002
  6. ↑ href="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org</a>. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/27915">rID: 27915


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