Differentiating vasculitis from other diseases

Vasculitis
Overview
Classification Large-sized vessel vasculitis Takayasu's Arteritis Temporal Arteritis Medium-sized vessel vasculitis Kawasaki's Disease Polyarteritis Nodosa Small-sized vessel vasculitis Churg-Strauss Syndrome Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis Essential cryoglobulinemic vasculitis Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Microscopic polyangiitis Wegener's Granulomatosis Variable-sized vessel vasculitis Sjogren syndrome Cogan syndrome Single organ vasculitis Primary central nervous system angiitis
Causes
Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Differential Diagnosis

Abbreviations: ABG= Arterial blood gas, ANP= Atrial natriuretic peptide, BNP= Brain natriuretic peptide, CBC= Complete blood count, COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRP= C-reactive protein, CT= Computed tomography, CXR= Chest X-ray, DVT= Deep vein thrombosis, ESR= Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HRCT= High Resolution CT, IgE= Immunoglobulin E, LDH= Lactate dehydrogenase, PCWP= Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.

Diseases			Clinical manifestations								Para-clinical findings						Gold standard	Additional findings
			Symptoms					Physical examination
											Lab Findings			Imaging
			Headache	Fever	Weight loss	Arthralgia	Claudication	Bruit	HTN	Focal neurological disorder	CBC	ESR	Other	X-ray	CT scan	Angiography
Large-Vessel Vasculitis	Takayasu arteritis
	Giant cell arteritis
	Neurological disease	Cerebral aneurysm
		Neurofibromatosis type 1
		Neurofibromatosis type 2
	Systematic disease	Fibromuscular dysplasia
		Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
		Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)
		Amyloidosis
Medium-Vessel Vasculitis		Polyarteritis nodosa
		Hepatitis B virus-associated polyarteritis nodosa
		Kawasaki disease
		Antiphospholipid Syndrome
		Atrial Myxoma
		Cholesterol Embolism
		Segmental arterial mediolysis
Small-Vessel Vasculitis	ANCA-associated vasculitis	Microscopic polyangiitis
		Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)
		Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)
		Hydralazine-associated ANCA-associated vasculitis
	Immune complex small-vessel vasculitis	Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease
		Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
		Hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
		IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura)
		Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis (anti-C1q vasculitis)
	Systemic disease	Systemic lupus erythematosus
		Rheumatoid arthritis
		Relapsing polychondritis
		B cell lymphoproliferative disorder
Variable-vessel vasculitis		Behçet’s syndrome
		Cogan's syndrome
Single-organ vasculitis		Primary central nervous system vasculitis
Pulmonary diseases	Airway disorder	Severe croup	+	+/-	-			-	-	Stridor	Lymphocytosis	Normal	-	Steeple sign	Normal	Distended hypopharynx during inspiration	Clinical findings	Intercostal and subcostal retraction, Barking cough