Aspiration pneumonia laboratory tests: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
While [[chest X-ray]] and [[pulse oximetry]] are routine tests among all patients with suspected aspiration pneumonia, additional laboratory tests (such as blood culture and | While [[chest X-ray]] and [[pulse oximetry]] are routine tests among all patients with suspected aspiration pneumonia, additional laboratory tests (such as [[Complete blood count|CBC]], sputum [[Gram staining|gram stain]] and culture, and [[blood culture]]) are optional tests unless their results might alter the treatment plan. | ||
==Laboratory Tests== | ==Laboratory Tests== | ||
===Routine Tests=== | ===Routine Tests=== | ||
Findings in routine blood tests are based on the severity of the disease and the cause, they can include the following:<ref name="SolomonWunderink2014">{{cite journal|last1=Solomon|first1=Caren G.|last2=Wunderink|first2=Richard G.|last3=Waterer|first3=Grant W.|title=Community-Acquired Pneumonia|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=370|issue=6|year=2014|pages=543–551|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1214869}}</ref> | Findings in routine blood tests are based on the severity of the disease and the cause, they can include the following:<ref name="SolomonWunderink2014">{{cite journal|last1=Solomon|first1=Caren G.|last2=Wunderink|first2=Richard G.|last3=Waterer|first3=Grant W.|title=Community-Acquired Pneumonia|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=370|issue=6|year=2014|pages=543–551|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1214869}}</ref> | ||
*[[Leukocytosis]] with left shift (in cases of bacterial pneumonia) | *[[Complete blood count|CBC]] shows: | ||
*[[Leukopenia]] (in cases of atypical pneumonia) | **[[Leukocytosis]] with left shift (in cases of bacterial pneumonia) | ||
*[[Eosinophilia]] (in cases of [[eosinophilic pneumonia]]) | **[[Leukopenia]] (in cases of atypical pneumonia) | ||
*[[Anemia]] | **[[Eosinophilia]] (in cases of [[eosinophilic pneumonia]]) | ||
**[[Anemia]] | |||
**[[Thrombocytopenia]] | |||
*[[Hyponatremia]] | *[[Hyponatremia]] | ||
*Elevated [[BUN]] | *Elevated [[BUN]] | ||
* | *[[ABG]] may show: | ||
*[[ | **Acute [[hypoxemia]] | ||
**Normal to low partial pressure of [[carbon dioxide]] | |||
**Decreased mixed venous oxygen saturation if a patient is in [[Sepsis|septic shock]] | |||
**Decreased [[Bicarbonate|HCO<sub>3</sub>]] | |||
**High [[Lactic acidosis|lactate level]] if a patient is in [[Sepsis|septic shock]] | |||
===Sputum Gram Stain and Culture=== | ===Sputum Gram Stain and Culture=== | ||
*Sputum samples should be obtained in all patients with productive [[cough]]. | *[[Sputum]] samples should be obtained in all patients with productive [[cough]]. | ||
*Gram | *[[Gram staining|Gram stain]] and culture should be performed to assess the causative agent and guide the therapy. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 15:44, 3 April 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
While chest X-ray and pulse oximetry are routine tests among all patients with suspected aspiration pneumonia, additional laboratory tests (such as CBC, sputum gram stain and culture, and blood culture) are optional tests unless their results might alter the treatment plan.
Laboratory Tests
Routine Tests
Findings in routine blood tests are based on the severity of the disease and the cause, they can include the following:[1]
- CBC shows:
- Leukocytosis with left shift (in cases of bacterial pneumonia)
- Leukopenia (in cases of atypical pneumonia)
- Eosinophilia (in cases of eosinophilic pneumonia)
- Anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Hyponatremia
- Elevated BUN
- ABG may show:
- Acute hypoxemia
- Normal to low partial pressure of carbon dioxide
- Decreased mixed venous oxygen saturation if a patient is in septic shock
- Decreased HCO3
- High lactate level if a patient is in septic shock
Sputum Gram Stain and Culture
- Sputum samples should be obtained in all patients with productive cough.
- Gram stain and culture should be performed to assess the causative agent and guide the therapy.
References
- ↑ Solomon, Caren G.; Wunderink, Richard G.; Waterer, Grant W. (2014). "Community-Acquired Pneumonia". New England Journal of Medicine. 370 (6): 543–551. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1214869. ISSN 0028-4793.