Chondroma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Pathogenesis== | ==Pathogenesis== | ||
*Enchondromas arise from rests of growth plate [[cartilage]] or [[chondrocytes]] that are normally involved in the production and maintainence of the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of [[collagen]] and [[proteoglycans]]. | *Enchondromas arise from rests of growth plate [[cartilage]] or [[chondrocytes]] that are normally involved in the production and maintainence of the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of [[collagen]] and [[proteoglycans]]. | ||
==Genetics== | ==Genetics== | ||
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of enchondroma and periosteal chondromas may include [[isocitrate dehydrogenase]] 1 (''IDH1'') and ''IDH2''. | Genes involved in the pathogenesis of enchondroma and periosteal chondromas may include [[isocitrate dehydrogenase]] 1 (''IDH1'') and ''IDH2''. | ||
==Gross Pathology== | ==Gross Pathology== | ||
*On gross pathology, small (usually less than 3 cm), [[translucent]], grey blue, nodular lesions with occasional [[calcification]]s are characteristic findings of chondromas. | *On gross pathology, small (usually less than 3 cm), [[translucent]], grey blue, nodular lesions with occasional [[calcification]]s are characteristic findings of chondromas. | ||
==Microscopic Pathology== | ==Microscopic Pathology== | ||
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, [[avascular]], [[fibrous]] lobules of [[hyaline cartilage]]nous matrix, interspersed with [[chondrocyte]]s and separated by normal marrow are characteristic findings of chondromas. In malignant [[chondrosarcoma]]s, the fibrous capsule is irregular, with extensions into the surrounding tissues and may be used in differentiation from the benign chondroma. | *On microscopic histopathological analysis, [[avascular]], [[fibrous]] lobules of [[hyaline cartilage]]nous matrix, interspersed with [[chondrocyte]]s and separated by normal marrow are characteristic findings of chondromas. In malignant [[chondrosarcoma]]s, the fibrous capsule is irregular, with extensions into the surrounding tissues and may be used in differentiation from the benign chondroma. | ||
==Associated conditions== | ==Associated conditions== |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]
Overview
Enchondroma arises from rests of growth plate cartilage or chondrocytes that are normally involved in the production and maintainence of the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans.[1][2] Juxta-cortical chondromas (also known as periosteal chondromas) arise from the periosteum of tubular bones.[3] On microscopic histopathological analysis, avascular lobules of hyaline cartilagenous matrix interspersed with chondrocytes, separated by normal marrow are characteristic findings of chondromas.[4][5] On gross pathology, small (usually less than 3 cm), translucent, grey blue, nodular lesions with occasional calcifications are characteristic findings of chondromas.[1] Genes involved in the pathogenesis of enchondroma and periosteal chondromas may include isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2.[6]
Pathogenesis
- Enchondromas arise from rests of growth plate cartilage or chondrocytes that are normally involved in the production and maintainence of the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans.
Genetics
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of enchondroma and periosteal chondromas may include isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2.
Gross Pathology
- On gross pathology, small (usually less than 3 cm), translucent, grey blue, nodular lesions with occasional calcifications are characteristic findings of chondromas.
Microscopic Pathology
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, avascular, fibrous lobules of hyaline cartilagenous matrix, interspersed with chondrocytes and separated by normal marrow are characteristic findings of chondromas. In malignant chondrosarcomas, the fibrous capsule is irregular, with extensions into the surrounding tissues and may be used in differentiation from the benign chondroma.
Associated conditions
Enchondromas may be single or multiple. Multiple enchondromas are associated with the following:
Associated disease | Findings | Occurance |
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Maffucci syndrome |
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Sporadic |
Ollier disease |
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Sporadic |
Metachondromatosis |
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Genetic (Autosomal dominant) |
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Enchondroma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/enchondroma Accessed on December 15, 2015
- ↑ Chondrocytes. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrocyte. Accessed on December 16, 2015.
- ↑ Juxta-cortical chondroma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/juxta-cortical-chondroma Accessed on December 15, 2015
- ↑ Shariat Torbaghan S, Ashouri M, Jalayer Naderi N, Baherini N (2011). "Histopathologic Differentiation between Enchondroma and Well-differentiated Chondrosarcoma: Evaluating the Efficacy of Diagnostic Histologic Structures". J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 5 (3): 98–101. doi:10.5681/joddd.2011.022. PMC 3442455. PMID 22991614.
- ↑ Semenova LA, Bulycheva IV (2007). "[Chondromas (enchondroma, periosteal chondroma, enchondromatosis)]". Arkh Patol. 69 (5): 45–8. PMID 18074822.
- ↑ Amary MF, Bacsi K, Maggiani F, Damato S, Halai D, Berisha F; et al. (2011). "IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are frequent events in central chondrosarcoma and central and periosteal chondromas but not in other mesenchymal tumours". J Pathol. 224 (3): 334–43. doi:10.1002/path.2913. PMID 21598255.