Bell's palsy historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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===Discovery=== | ===Discovery=== | ||
*The first comprehensive description of Bell's palsy was first discovered by '''Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzī''', a Persian polymath, physician, alchemist, philosopher, in 9th ''century'', although '''Sir Charles Bell''', a Scottish surgeon, was the first to provide the anatomic basis for the condition that bears his name in 1821.<ref name="pmid21747074">{{cite journal| author=Sajadi MM, Sajadi MR, Tabatabaie SM| title=The history of facial palsy and spasm: Hippocrates to Razi. | journal=Neurology | year= 2011 | volume= 77 | issue= 2 | pages= 174-8 | pmid=21747074 | doi=10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182242d23 | pmc=3140075 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21747074 }} </ref> | *The first comprehensive description of Bell's palsy was first discovered by '''Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzī''', a Persian polymath, [[physician]], alchemist, philosopher, in 9th ''century'', although '''Sir Charles Bell''', a Scottish [[surgeon]], was the first to provide the [[anatomic]] basis for the condition that bears his name in 1821.<ref name="pmid21747074">{{cite journal| author=Sajadi MM, Sajadi MR, Tabatabaie SM| title=The history of facial palsy and spasm: Hippocrates to Razi. | journal=Neurology | year= 2011 | volume= 77 | issue= 2 | pages= 174-8 | pmid=21747074 | doi=10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182242d23 | pmc=3140075 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21747074 }} </ref> | ||
**For the fiest time, Razi provided accurate descriptions of facial | **For the fiest time, Razi provided accurate descriptions of [[facial muscles]] disorders. | ||
**Razi describes a clinical method for distinguishing spasm and paralysis for the first time. | **Razi describes a clinical method for distinguishing [[spasm]] and [[paralysis]] for the first time. | ||
**Razi also gave the earliest description of bilateral facial palsy. | **Razi also gave the earliest description of bilateral [[facial palsy]]. | ||
==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | ==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | ||
*In 9th ''century'', the therapy of Bell's palsy was developed by '''Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzī'''. | *In 9th ''century'', the therapy of Bell's palsy was developed by '''Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzī'''. | ||
*The treatment given by Razi was: | *The treatment given by Razi was: | ||
**Massage until the | **[[Massage]] until the “[[skin]] turns red,” | ||
**Warming oils and ointments | **Warming oils and [[Ointment|ointments]] | ||
**Warm compresses | **Warm compresses | ||
**Inhaled and intranasal medicines (emphasis on inducing sneezing) | **Inhaled and [[Intranasal route|intranasal]] medicines (emphasis on inducing [[sneezing]]) | ||
**Oral medications (emphasis on gargling) | **Oral medications (emphasis on [[gargling]]) | ||
**Special | **Special [[diet]]<nowiki/>s | ||
**Phlebotomy | **[[Phlebotomy]] | ||
**Application of a bandage to the distorted area to counteract the unbridled pull of the | **Application of a bandage to the distorted area to counteract the unbridled pull of the [[muscle]]<nowiki/>s | ||
*In 1821, '''Sir Charles Bell''' described the lesions of the seventh cranial nerve produce facial paralysis.<ref name="pmid17680840">{{cite journal| author=Grzybowski A, Kaufman MH| title=Sir Charles Bell (1774-1842): contributions to neuro-ophthalmology. | journal=Acta Ophthalmol Scand | year= 2007 | volume= 85 | issue= 8 | pages= 897-901 | pmid=17680840 | doi=10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.00972.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17680840 }} </ref> | *In 1821, '''Sir Charles Bell''' described the lesions of the [[Facial nerve|seventh cranial nerve]] produce facial [[paralysis]].<ref name="pmid17680840">{{cite journal| author=Grzybowski A, Kaufman MH| title=Sir Charles Bell (1774-1842): contributions to neuro-ophthalmology. | journal=Acta Ophthalmol Scand | year= 2007 | volume= 85 | issue= 8 | pages= 897-901 | pmid=17680840 | doi=10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.00972.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17680840 }} </ref> | ||
** Bell described the Bell's palsy is caused by problem of 7th cranial nerve(facial nerve) | ** Bell described the Bell's palsy is caused by problem of [[Seventh cranial nerve|7th cranial nerve(facial nerve)]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 17:21, 23 April 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- The first comprehensive description of Bell's palsy was first discovered by Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzī, a Persian polymath, physician, alchemist, philosopher, in 9th century, although Sir Charles Bell, a Scottish surgeon, was the first to provide the anatomic basis for the condition that bears his name in 1821.[1]
- For the fiest time, Razi provided accurate descriptions of facial muscles disorders.
- Razi describes a clinical method for distinguishing spasm and paralysis for the first time.
- Razi also gave the earliest description of bilateral facial palsy.
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- In 9th century, the therapy of Bell's palsy was developed by Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzī.
- The treatment given by Razi was:
- Massage until the “skin turns red,”
- Warming oils and ointments
- Warm compresses
- Inhaled and intranasal medicines (emphasis on inducing sneezing)
- Oral medications (emphasis on gargling)
- Special diets
- Phlebotomy
- Application of a bandage to the distorted area to counteract the unbridled pull of the muscles
- In 1821, Sir Charles Bell described the lesions of the seventh cranial nerve produce facial paralysis.[2]
- Bell described the Bell's palsy is caused by problem of 7th cranial nerve(facial nerve).
References
- ↑ Sajadi MM, Sajadi MR, Tabatabaie SM (2011). "The history of facial palsy and spasm: Hippocrates to Razi". Neurology. 77 (2): 174–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182242d23. PMC 3140075. PMID 21747074.
- ↑ Grzybowski A, Kaufman MH (2007). "Sir Charles Bell (1774-1842): contributions to neuro-ophthalmology". Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 85 (8): 897–901. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.00972.x. PMID 17680840.