Chondroma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Pathogenesis== | ==Pathogenesis== | ||
*Enchondromas arise from rests of growth plate [[cartilage]] or [[chondrocytes]] that are normally involved in the production and maintainence of the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of [[collagen]] and [[proteoglycans]]. | *Enchondromas arise from rests of growth plate [[cartilage]] or [[chondrocytes]] that are normally involved in the production and maintainence of the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of [[collagen]] and [[proteoglycans]]. | ||
*Chondromas is the result of nests of growth-plate cartilage that have become entrapped in the medullary canal of the metaphysis or in the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction. These hamartomatous proliferations persist as islands in the bone and then develop from enchondral ossification. | |||
==Genetics== | ==Genetics== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]
Overview
Enchondroma arises from rests of growth plate cartilage or chondrocytes that are normally involved in the production and maintainence of the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans.[1][2] Juxta-cortical chondromas (also known as periosteal chondromas) arise from the periosteum of tubular bones.[3] On microscopic histopathological analysis, avascular lobules of hyaline cartilagenous matrix interspersed with chondrocytes, separated by normal marrow are characteristic findings of chondromas.[4][5] On gross pathology, small (usually less than 3 cm), translucent, grey blue, nodular lesions with occasional calcifications are characteristic findings of chondromas.[1] Genes involved in the pathogenesis of enchondroma and periosteal chondromas may include isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2.[6]
Pathogenesis
- Enchondromas arise from rests of growth plate cartilage or chondrocytes that are normally involved in the production and maintainence of the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans.
- Chondromas is the result of nests of growth-plate cartilage that have become entrapped in the medullary canal of the metaphysis or in the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction. These hamartomatous proliferations persist as islands in the bone and then develop from enchondral ossification.
Genetics
- Genes involved in the pathogenesis of enchondromas and periostal chondromas include isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 .[7]
Gross Pathology
- On gross pathology, small (usually less than 3 cm), translucent, grey blue, nodular lesions with occasional calcifications are characteristic findings of chondromas.[5][8]
Microscopic Pathology
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of chondroma are as followings:[9][10]
- Cytologically benign cells is spaced nests
- Not extending into surrounding soft tissue
- Avascular, fibrous lobules of hyaline cartilagenous matrix
- Interspersed with chondrocytes and separated by normal marrow
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Associated conditions
Enchondromas may be single or multiple. Multiple enchondromas are associated with the following:[11][12][13]
| Associated disease | Findings | Occurance |
|---|---|---|
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Maffucci syndrome |
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Sporadic |
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Ollier disease |
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Sporadic |
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Metachondromatosis |
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Genetic (Autosomal dominant) |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Enchondroma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/enchondroma Accessed on December 15, 2015
- ↑ Chondrocytes. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrocyte. Accessed on December 16, 2015.
- ↑ Juxta-cortical chondroma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/juxta-cortical-chondroma Accessed on December 15, 2015
- ↑ Shariat Torbaghan S, Ashouri M, Jalayer Naderi N, Baherini N (2011). "Histopathologic Differentiation between Enchondroma and Well-differentiated Chondrosarcoma: Evaluating the Efficacy of Diagnostic Histologic Structures". J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 5 (3): 98–101. doi:10.5681/joddd.2011.022. PMC 3442455. PMID 22991614.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Semenova LA, Bulycheva IV (2007). "[Chondromas (enchondroma, periosteal chondroma, enchondromatosis)]". Arkh Patol. 69 (5): 45–8. PMID 18074822.
- ↑ Amary MF, Bacsi K, Maggiani F, Damato S, Halai D, Berisha F; et al. (2011). "IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are frequent events in central chondrosarcoma and central and periosteal chondromas but not in other mesenchymal tumours". J Pathol. 224 (3): 334–43. doi:10.1002/path.2913. PMID 21598255.
- ↑ Sandberg AA (July 2004). "Genetics of chondrosarcoma and related tumors". Curr Opin Oncol. 16 (4): 342–54. PMID 15187889.
- ↑ Chung EB, Enzinger FM (April 1978). "Chondroma of soft parts". Cancer. 41 (4): 1414–24. PMID 76505.
- ↑ Uhl M, Herget G, Kurz P (June 2016). "[Cartilage tumors : Pathology and radiomorphology]". Radiologe (in German). 56 (6): 476–88. doi:10.1007/s00117-016-0112-z. PMID 27233920.
- ↑ Blum MR, Danford M, Speight PM (August 1993). "Soft tissue chondroma of the cheek". J. Oral Pathol. Med. 22 (7): 334–6. PMID 8229872.
- ↑ Prokopchuk O, Andres S, Becker K, Holzapfel K, Hartmann D, Friess H (February 2016). "Maffucci syndrome and neoplasms: a case report and review of the literature". BMC Res Notes. 9: 126. doi:10.1186/s13104-016-1913-x. PMC 4769492. PMID 26920730.
- ↑ Mavrogenis AF, Skarpidi E, Papakonstantinou O, Papagelopoulos PJ (June 2010). "Chondrosarcoma in metachondromatosis: a case report". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 92 (6): 1507–13. doi:10.2106/JBJS.I.00693. PMID 20516327.
- ↑ Watanabe F, Saiki T, Ochochi Y (2012). "Extraskeletal chondroma of the preauricular region: a case report and literature review". Case Rep Med. 2012: 121743. doi:10.1155/2012/121743. PMC 3400396. PMID 22844293.