Bell's palsy pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Associated Conditions== | ==Associated Conditions== | ||
1. [[Blepharospasm]]<ref name="pmid11967652">{{cite journal| author=Miwa H, Kondo T, Mizuno Y| title=Bell's palsy-induced blepharospasm. | journal=J Neurol | year= 2002 | volume= 249 | issue= 4 | pages= 452-4 | pmid=11967652 | doi=10.1007/s004150200038 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11967652 }} </ref> | |||
* [[Blepharospasm]] has been rarely seen in patients whit with Bell's palsy. | |||
* In most cases [[blepharospasm]] appeared within a month after the onset of Bell's palsy. | |||
2. [[Herpes zoster]] infection<ref name="pmid11096766">{{cite journal| author=Morrow MJ| title=Bell's Palsy and Herpes Zoster Oticus. | journal=Curr Treat Options Neurol | year= 2000 | volume= 2 | issue= 5 | pages= 407-416 | pmid=11096766 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11096766 }} </ref> | 2. [[Herpes zoster]] infection<ref name="pmid11096766">{{cite journal| author=Morrow MJ| title=Bell's Palsy and Herpes Zoster Oticus. | journal=Curr Treat Options Neurol | year= 2000 | volume= 2 | issue= 5 | pages= 407-416 | pmid=11096766 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11096766 }} </ref> | ||
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*On microscopic histopathological analysis, thickened [[perineurium]], infiltrates of inflammatory cells between nerve bundles and around [[blood vessel]]s are characteristic findings of Bell’s palsy.<ref name="pmid2642582">{{cite journal| author=Liston SL, Kleid MS| title=Histopathology of Bell's palsy. | journal=Laryngoscope | year= 1989 | volume= 99 | issue= 1 | pages= 23-6 | pmid=2642582 | doi=10.1288/00005537-198901000-00006 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2642582 }} </ref> | *On microscopic histopathological analysis, thickened [[perineurium]], infiltrates of inflammatory cells between nerve bundles and around [[blood vessel]]s are characteristic findings of Bell’s palsy.<ref name="pmid2642582">{{cite journal| author=Liston SL, Kleid MS| title=Histopathology of Bell's palsy. | journal=Laryngoscope | year= 1989 | volume= 99 | issue= 1 | pages= 23-6 | pmid=2642582 | doi=10.1288/00005537-198901000-00006 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2642582 }} </ref> | ||
* It appears that the histology of the [[facial nerve]] in Bell's palsy is similar to [[Herpes Zoster infection]], suggestive of an infectious cause.<ref name="pmid11096766">{{cite journal| author=Morrow MJ| title=Bell's Palsy and Herpes Zoster Oticus. | journal=Curr Treat Options Neurol | year= 2000 | volume= 2 | issue= 5 | pages= 407-416 | pmid=11096766 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11096766 }} </ref> | * It appears that the histology of the [[facial nerve]] in Bell's palsy is similar to [[Herpes Zoster infection]], suggestive of an infectious cause.<ref name="pmid11096766">{{cite journal| author=Morrow MJ| title=Bell's Palsy and Herpes Zoster Oticus. | journal=Curr Treat Options Neurol | year= 2000 | volume= 2 | issue= 5 | pages= 407-416 | pmid=11096766 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11096766 }} </ref> [[Category: (name of the system)]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 22:02, 26 April 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.
OR
It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
OR
[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
OR
Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
OR
[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
OR
The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
OR
The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
- The exact pathophysiology of Bell' palsy is not known.[1]
- Bell's palsy occurs due to failure to function in a normal manner of the facial nerve (VII cranial nerve).[2]
- The malfunction of the facial nerve caused involuntary spasm in the facial muscles which called facial palsy.[2]
- Bell's palsy causes the lower motor neuron type paralysis.[3]
- Although the exact etiology of Bell's palsy is unknown, there is some evidences that implies there may be some relation between vasospasm, from any cause, along any facial nerve branch, with Bell's palsy.[4]
Genetics
- There is no established association between genetic factors and Bell's palsy.
- Hereditary components may play a role in familial recurrent Bell's palsy.[5]
Associated Conditions
- Blepharospasm has been rarely seen in patients whit with Bell's palsy.
- In most cases blepharospasm appeared within a month after the onset of Bell's palsy.
2. Herpes zoster infection[7]
Microscopic Pathology
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, thickened perineurium, infiltrates of inflammatory cells between nerve bundles and around blood vessels are characteristic findings of Bell’s palsy.[8]
- It appears that the histology of the facial nerve in Bell's palsy is similar to Herpes Zoster infection, suggestive of an infectious cause.[7]
References
- ↑ Somasundara D, Sullivan F (2017). "Management of Bell's palsy". Aust Prescr. 40 (3): 94–97. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2017.030. PMC 5478391. PMID 28798513.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Holland J, Bernstein J (2011). "Bell's palsy". BMJ Clin Evid. 2011. PMC 3275144. PMID 21375786.
- ↑ Newadkar UR, Chaudhari L, Khalekar YK (2016). "Facial Palsy, a Disorder Belonging to Influential Neurological Dynasty: Review of Literature". N Am J Med Sci. 8 (7): 263–7. doi:10.4103/1947-2714.187130. PMC 4982354. PMID 27583233.
- ↑ Gussen R (1977). "Pathogenesis of Bell's palsy. Retrograde epineurial edema and postedematous fibrous compression neuropathy of the facial nerve". Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 86 (4 Pt 1): 549–58. doi:10.1177/000348947708600416. PMID 889228.
- ↑ Qin D, Ouyang Z, Luo W (2009). "Familial recurrent Bell's palsy". Neurol India. 57 (6): 783–4. doi:10.4103/0028-3886.59478. PMID 20139511.
- ↑ Miwa H, Kondo T, Mizuno Y (2002). "Bell's palsy-induced blepharospasm". J Neurol. 249 (4): 452–4. doi:10.1007/s004150200038. PMID 11967652.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Morrow MJ (2000). "Bell's Palsy and Herpes Zoster Oticus". Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2 (5): 407–416. PMID 11096766.
- ↑ Liston SL, Kleid MS (1989). "Histopathology of Bell's palsy". Laryngoscope. 99 (1): 23–6. doi:10.1288/00005537-198901000-00006. PMID 2642582.