Bladder cancer risk factors

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Bladder cancer risk factors

Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [1]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of bladder cancer are smoking, occupational exposure to chemicals, chronic bladder irritation, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, arsenic, personal history of cancer in the urinary tract, congenital bladder anomalies, and aristolochic acids.

Common Risk Factors

• Common risk factors in the development of bladder cancer include:
  • Smoking
  • Occupational exposure to chemicals
    • Textiles
    • Rubber
    • Paint
    • Leather
    • Dye
    • Print
    • Metal
    • Machining
    • Plastics
    • Arsenic
    • Aristolochic acids
  • Chronic bladder irritation
  • Chronic urinary tract infection
  • Bladder stones
  • Schistosoma haematobium
  • Trauma
  • Chemotherapy
    • Cyclophosphamide
    • Ifosfamide
  • Radiation therapy
  • Personal history of cancer in the urinary tract
  • Congenital bladder anomalies
    • Urachus
    • Exstrophy

Less Common Risk Factors

• Less common risk factors in the development of bladder cancer include:
  • Chlorine by-products
  • Genetics
    • HRAS mutation
    • Rb1 mutation
    • PTEN/MMAC1 mutation
    • NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype
    • GSTM1 null phenotype
  • Overuse of analgesics
  • Outdoor air pollution