Adult T-cell leukemia epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
* Among HTLV-1 carriers in high prevalence regions such as Central Australia, Japan and Carribean, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) will ultimately develop in 1%-5% of infected individuals.<ref name="pmid17376384">{{cite journal |vauthors=Verdonck K, González E, Van Dooren S, Vandamme AM, Vanham G, Gotuzzo E |title=Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: recent knowledge about an ancient infection |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=266–81 |date=April 2007 |pmid=17376384 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70081-6 |url=}}</ref> | |||
* In southern Japan, the age-adjusted incidence rate of adult T-cell leukemia is approximately 6.6 per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid25219595">{{cite journal| author=Satake M, Yamada Y, Atogami S, Yamaguchi K| title=The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma among human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 carriers in Japan. | journal=Leuk Lymphoma | year= 2015 | volume= 56 | issue= 6 | pages= 1806-12 | pmid=25219595 | doi=10.3109/10428194.2014.964700 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25219595 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22973265">{{cite journal| author=Iwanaga M, Watanabe T, Yamaguchi K| title=Adult T-cell leukemia: a review of epidemiological evidence. | journal=Front Microbiol | year= 2012 | volume= 3 | issue= | pages= 322 | pmid=22973265 | doi=10.3389/fmicb.2012.00322 | pmc=PMC3437524 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22973265 }} </ref><ref name="wiki">Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_T-cell_leukemia/lymphoma Accessed on November, 3 2015</ref> | * In southern Japan, the age-adjusted incidence rate of adult T-cell leukemia is approximately 6.6 per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid25219595">{{cite journal| author=Satake M, Yamada Y, Atogami S, Yamaguchi K| title=The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma among human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 carriers in Japan. | journal=Leuk Lymphoma | year= 2015 | volume= 56 | issue= 6 | pages= 1806-12 | pmid=25219595 | doi=10.3109/10428194.2014.964700 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25219595 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22973265">{{cite journal| author=Iwanaga M, Watanabe T, Yamaguchi K| title=Adult T-cell leukemia: a review of epidemiological evidence. | journal=Front Microbiol | year= 2012 | volume= 3 | issue= | pages= 322 | pmid=22973265 | doi=10.3389/fmicb.2012.00322 | pmc=PMC3437524 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22973265 }} </ref><ref name="wiki">Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_T-cell_leukemia/lymphoma Accessed on November, 3 2015</ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]
Overview
The majority of adult T-cell leukemia cases are reported in Japan, the Caribbean, South America, and Africa. In southern Japan, the age-adjusted incidence rate of adult T-cell leukemia is approximately 6.6 per 100,000 individuals. The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 57 years. Males are more commonly affected with adult T-cell leukemia than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.4 to 1. Adult T-cell leukemia usually affects individuals of the African American, Latin American, and Asian race. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop adult T-cell leukemia.[1][2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects at least 5–10 million people worldwide.[3]
- HTLV-1 is endemic to Central Australia and infection prevalence in this region ranges from a low of 7200 per 100,000 to a high of 13900 per 100,000 of socially disadvantaged indigenous adults.[4][5]
- In the US, adult T-cell leukemia is considered a rare disease that mainly tends to develop among African American intravenous drug abusers.[6]
- The majority of adult T-cell leukemia cases are reported in Japan, the Caribbean, South America, and Africa.
Incidence
- Among HTLV-1 carriers in high prevalence regions such as Central Australia, Japan and Carribean, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) will ultimately develop in 1%-5% of infected individuals.[7]
- In southern Japan, the age-adjusted incidence rate of adult T-cell leukemia is approximately 6.6 per 100,000 individuals.[1][2][8]
- The annual incidence of adult T-cell leukemia development among HTLV-1 carriers is approximately 60 per 100,000 individuals.
Age
- The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 57 years.[6]
- The age of onset for adult T-cell leukemia differs across geographical regions, such as:
- The median age at diagnosis in Japan is 60 years
- The median age at diagnosis in Central America is 40 years
Gender
- Males are more commonly affected with adult T-cell leukemia than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.4 to 1.[1][2][8]
- Females are more commonly affected with HTLV infection than males.
- However, the risk of adult T-cell leukemia development among HTLV male carriers is five fold higher than the risk of adult T-cell leukemia development among HTLV female carriers.
Race
- Adult T-cell leukemia usually affects individuals of the African American, Latin American, and Asian race. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop adult T-cell leukemia.[1][2][8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Satake M, Yamada Y, Atogami S, Yamaguchi K (2015). "The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma among human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 carriers in Japan". Leuk Lymphoma. 56 (6): 1806–12. doi:10.3109/10428194.2014.964700. PMID 25219595.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Iwanaga M, Watanabe T, Yamaguchi K (2012). "Adult T-cell leukemia: a review of epidemiological evidence". Front Microbiol. 3: 322. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00322. PMC 3437524. PMID 22973265.
- ↑ "Clinical Associations of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection in an Indigenous Australian Population".
- ↑ Bastian I, Hinuma Y, Doherty RR (July 1993). "HTLV-I among Northern Territory aborigines". Med. J. Aust. 159 (1): 12–6. PMID 8316104.
- ↑ "Clinical Associations of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection in an Indigenous Australian Population".
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Mahieux R, Gessain A (2007). "Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1". Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2 (4): 257–64. doi:10.1007/s11899-007-0035-x. PMID 20425378.
- ↑ Verdonck K, González E, Van Dooren S, Vandamme AM, Vanham G, Gotuzzo E (April 2007). "Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: recent knowledge about an ancient infection". Lancet Infect Dis. 7 (4): 266–81. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70081-6. PMID 17376384.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_T-cell_leukemia/lymphoma Accessed on November, 3 2015