Renal tubular acidosis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Causes

	Primary Causes	Secondary Causes
Type 1	Idiopathic Familial Autosomal dominant Mainly due to mutations causing defects in the kidney anion exchanger [kAE1] in distal tubule intercalated cells. Autosomal recessive Mainly due to mutations causing defects in V-ATPase in distal tubule intercalated cells.	Autoimmune disorders Medications Ifosfamide Amphotericin B Lithium carbonate Ibuprofen Hypercalciuric conditions Hyperparathyroidism Vitamin D intoxication Sarcoidosis Idiopathic hypercalciuria Others
Type 2	Recessive  Proximal tubule cell sodium bicarbonate co-transporter (NBCe1) defect Carbonic anhydrase type 2 deficiency Cystinosis Tyrosinemia Hereditary fructose intolerance Galactosemia Glycogen storage disease (type I) Lowe syndrome	M-protein disorders Amyloidosis Multiple myeloma Medications Ifosfamide Tenofovir Acetazolamide Topiramate Aminoglycosides Heavy metals Lead Cadmium Mercury Copper Other Medullary sponge kidney Obstructive uropathy Renal transplant rejection Wilson disease
Type 4	Congenital hypoaldosteronism (21-hydroxylase deficiency and isolated hypoaldosteronism) Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2 (Gordon's syndrome) Primary adrenal insufficiency Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1	Angiotensin inhibitors, such as ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and direct renin inhibitors Antibiotics, trimethoprim, and pentamidine Potassium-sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone, eplerenone, amiloride, and triamterene