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==Overview==
==Overview==


==History==
==History and Symptoms==
 
=== History ===
* Patients with polyarteritis nodosa may have an acute presentation.
* Patients with polyarteritis nodosa may have an acute presentation.
* The prodrome of polyarteritis nodosa can range from anywhere between weeks to months.<ref name="pmid12350194">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stone JH |title=Polyarteritis nodosa |journal=JAMA |volume=288 |issue=13 |pages=1632–9 |date=October 2002 |pmid=12350194 |doi= |url=}}</ref>  
* The prodrome of polyarteritis nodosa can range from anywhere between weeks to months.<ref name="pmid12350194">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stone JH |title=Polyarteritis nodosa |journal=JAMA |volume=288 |issue=13 |pages=1632–9 |date=October 2002 |pmid=12350194 |doi= |url=}}</ref>  
*  
* PAN is a multiorgan disorder but can also be seen in a single organ.  
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is an acute multisystem disease with a relatively short prodrome (ie, weeks to months).<sup> </sup>Delays in diagnosis are not uncommon. The spectrum of disease ranges from single-organ involvement to fulminant polyvisceral failure. Pertinent and common historical features of polyarteritis nodosa include the following:


==Common Symptoms==
=== Common Symptoms ===
* [[Fatigue (physical)|Fatigue]]
* [[Fatigue (physical)|Fatigue]]
* [[Weakness]]
* [[Weakness]]
* [[Fever]]
* [[Fever]]
* [[Abdominal pain]]
* [[Abdominal pain]]<ref name="pmid7653948">{{cite journal |author=Guillevin L, Lhote F, Gallais V, ''et al.'' |title=Gastrointestinal tract involvement in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome |journal=Ann Med Interne (Paris) |volume=146 |issue=4 |pages=260–7 |year=1995 |pmid=7653948 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* [[Decreased appetite]]
* [[Decreased appetite]]
* [[Unintentional weight loss]]
* [[Unintentional weight loss]]
* [[Muscle aches]]
* [[Muscle aches]]
* [[Joint aches]]
* [[Joint aches]]<ref name="pmid18651100">{{cite journal |author=Meeuwissen J, Maertens J, Verbeken E, Blockmans D |title=Case reports: testicular pain as a manifestation of polyarteritis nodosa |journal=Clin. Rheumatol. |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1463–6 |year=2008 |month=November |pmid=18651100 |doi=10.1007/s10067-008-0970-5 |url=}}</ref>
* Skin [[Ulcer|ulcers]]
* Skin [[Ulcer|ulcers]]<ref name="pmid17544958">{{cite journal |author=Díaz-Pérez JL, De Lagrán ZM, Díaz-Ramón JL, Winkelmann RK |title=Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa |journal=Semin Cutan Med Surg |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=77–86 |year=2007 |month=June |pmid=17544958 |doi=10.1016/j.sder.2007.02.003 |url=}}</ref>
In this disease, symptoms result from damage to affected organs, often the [[skin]], [[heart]], [[kidneys]], and [[nervous system]].
 
Generalized symptoms include [[fever]], [[fatigue]], [[weakness]], [[loss of appetite]], and [[weight loss]]. [[Muscle]] and [[joint aches]] are common. [[Cutaneous]] polyarteritis nodosa most frequently manifests as [[nodules]] in the lower legs. They may not leave any residual changes but sometimes [[livedo reticularis]] is observed. [[Ulcerations]] and [[splinter hemorrhages]] are the frequent complications.<ref name="pmid17544958">{{cite journal |author=Díaz-Pérez JL, De Lagrán ZM, Díaz-Ramón JL, Winkelmann RK |title=Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa |journal=Semin Cutan Med Surg |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=77–86 |year=2007 |month=June |pmid=17544958 |doi=10.1016/j.sder.2007.02.003 |url=}}</ref>
 
Nerve involvement may cause [[sensory]] changes with [[numbness]], [[pain]], burning, and [[weakness]].Frequently affected [[nerves]] are [[peroneal]], [[median]], [[ulnar]] and [[Sural nerve|sural nerves]]. [[Central nervous system]] polyarteritis nodosa presents in three major forms : diffuse [[encephalopathy]], focal [[neurological]] deficits and [[seizures]]. Diffuse encepahalopathy is characterized by loss of intellectual capacity, disorientation and occasionally [[psychosis]] with [[visual hallucinations]]. Cerebrovascular accidents in [[cerebrum]], [[cerebellum]] or brain stem cause focal defecits.<ref name="pmid1979706">{{cite journal |author=Rosenberg MR, Parshley M, Gibson S, Wernick R |title=Central nervous system polyarteritis nodosa |journal=West. J. Med. |volume=153 |issue=5 |pages=553–6 |year=1990 |month=November |pmid=1979706 |pmc=1002622 |doi= |url=}}</ref>.
[[Kidney]] involvement can produce varying degrees of [[renal failure]]. [[Arteritis]] in the [[renal]] circulation leads to [[hypertension]]. Sometimes patients present with severe [[flank pain]] because of renal [[infarction]] or [[rupture]] of intrarenal [[aneurysm]].
 
Involvement of the [[arteries]] of the heart may cause a [[heart attack]], [[heart failure]], and [[inflammation]] of the sac around the heart ([[pericarditis]]).
[[Vasculitis]] of [[testicular]] [[vessels]] can cause testicular [[infarction]], manifesting as [[testicular pain]] or [[tenderness]].<ref name="pmid18651100">{{cite journal |author=Meeuwissen J, Maertens J, Verbeken E, Blockmans D |title=Case reports: testicular pain as a manifestation of polyarteritis nodosa |journal=Clin. Rheumatol. |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1463–6 |year=2008 |month=November |pmid=18651100 |doi=10.1007/s10067-008-0970-5 |url=}}</ref>
 
[[Abdominal pain]], [[weight loss]], food avoidance, [[gastrointestinal bleeding]], [[peritonitis]] are seen in [[mesentric]] [[vasculitis]].<ref name="pmid7653948">{{cite journal |author=Guillevin L, Lhote F, Gallais V, ''et al.'' |title=Gastrointestinal tract involvement in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome |journal=Ann Med Interne (Paris) |volume=146 |issue=4 |pages=260–7 |year=1995 |pmid=7653948 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
==Less Common Symptoms==
==Reference==
==Reference==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Revision as of 14:51, 16 May 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Haritha Machavarapu, M.B.B.S.

Overview

History and Symptoms

History

  • Patients with polyarteritis nodosa may have an acute presentation.
  • The prodrome of polyarteritis nodosa can range from anywhere between weeks to months.[1]
  • PAN is a multiorgan disorder but can also be seen in a single organ.

Common Symptoms

Reference

  1. ↑ Stone JH (October 2002). "Polyarteritis nodosa". JAMA. 288 (13): 1632–9. PMID 12350194.
  2. ↑ Guillevin L, Lhote F, Gallais V; et al. (1995). "Gastrointestinal tract involvement in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome". Ann Med Interne (Paris). 146 (4): 260–7. PMID 7653948.
  3. ↑ Meeuwissen J, Maertens J, Verbeken E, Blockmans D (2008). "Case reports: testicular pain as a manifestation of polyarteritis nodosa". Clin. Rheumatol. 27 (11): 1463–6. doi:10.1007/s10067-008-0970-5. PMID 18651100. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Díaz-Pérez JL, De Lagrán ZM, Díaz-Ramón JL, Winkelmann RK (2007). "Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa". Semin Cutan Med Surg. 26 (2): 77–86. doi:10.1016/j.sder.2007.02.003. PMID 17544958. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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