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| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| |Bladder<ref name="pmid9817312">{{cite journal |vauthors=Haleblian GE, Skinner EC, Dickinson MG, Lieskovsky G, Boyd SD, Skinner DG |title=Hydronephrosis as a prognostic indicator in bladder cancer patients |journal=J. Urol. |volume=160 |issue=6 Pt 1 |pages=2011–4 |date=December 1998 |pmid=9817312 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26328176">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tahtalı İN, Karataş T |title=Giant bladder stone: A case report and review of the literature |journal=Turk J Urol |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=189–91 |date=September 2014 |pmid=26328176 |pmc=4548388 |doi=10.5152/tud.2014.02603 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21860792">{{cite journal |vauthors=Casella DP, Tomaszewski JJ, Ost MC |title=Posterior urethral valves: renal failure and prenatal treatment |journal=Int J Nephrol |volume=2012 |issue= |pages=351067 |date=2012 |pmid=21860792 |pmc=3154780 |doi=10.1155/2012/351067 |url=}}</ref>
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| |Bladder cancer | | |Bladder cancer |
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia | | Benign prostatic hyperplasia |
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| Neurogenic bladder | | Neurogenic bladder |
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| |Ureter<ref name="pmid28588843">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ochi F, Furuno K, Chong PF, Tezuka J, Mizuno Y, Aoki T, Ishii E |title=Bilateral hydronephrosis due to obstructive ureteral stone associated with norovirus gastroenteritis |journal=Clin Case Rep |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=936–938 |date=June 2017 |pmid=28588843 |pmc=5458008 |doi=10.1002/ccr3.952 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25548725">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iravani O, Tay EW, Bay BH, Ng YK |title=Unilateral ureteric stone associated with gross hydronephrosis and kidney shrinkage: a cadaveric report |journal=Anat Cell Biol |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=267–70 |date=December 2014 |pmid=25548725 |pmc=4276901 |doi=10.5115/acb.2014.47.4.267 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11978339">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hamano H, Kawa S, Ochi Y, Unno H, Shiba N, Wajiki M, Nakazawa K, Shimojo H, Kiyosawa K |title=Hydronephrosis associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis and sclerosing pancreatitis |journal=Lancet |volume=359 |issue=9315 |pages=1403–4 |date=April 2002 |pmid=11978339 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid466958">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dholakia AM, Howarth FH |title=The urinary tract in haemophilia |journal=Clin Radiol |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=533–8 |date=September 1979 |pmid=466958 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17991533">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cho KS, Hong SJ, Cho NH, Choi YD |title=Grade of hydronephrosis and tumor diameter as preoperative prognostic factors in ureteral transitional cell carcinoma |journal=Urology |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=662–6 |date=October 2007 |pmid=17991533 |doi=10.1016/j.urology.2007.06.1106 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15774597">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kamath S, Moody MP, Hammonds JC, Wells IP |title=Papillary necrosis causing hydronephrosis in renal allograft treated by percutaneous retrieval of sloughed papilla |journal=Br J Radiol |volume=78 |issue=928 |pages=346–8 |date=April 2005 |pmid=15774597 |doi=10.1259/bjr/12933217 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26182896">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ganzer R, Franz T, Rai BP, Siemer S, Stolzenburg JU |title=[Management of ureteral strictures and hydronephrosis] |language=German |journal=Urologe A |volume=54 |issue=8 |pages=1147–56 |date=August 2015 |pmid=26182896 |doi=10.1007/s00120-015-3870-8 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26052193">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sountoulides P, Mykoniatis I, Dimasis N |title=Palliative management of malignant upper urinary tract obstruction |journal=Hippokratia |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=292–7 |date=2014 |pmid=26052193 |pmc=4453800 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29644043">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grice PT, Nkwam N |title=Inguinal hernia causing extrinsic compression of bilateral ureters leading to chronic obstructive uropathy |journal=J Surg Case Rep |volume=2018 |issue=4 |pages=rjy062 |date=April 2018 |pmid=29644043 |pmc=5888468 |doi=10.1093/jscr/rjy062 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2676751">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lund B, Hansen HH |title=Hydronephrosis in advanced ovarian carcinoma |journal=Gynecol. Oncol. |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=27–30 |date=October 1989 |pmid=2676751 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26064410">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hu G, Luo M, Xu Y |title=Giant hydronephrosis secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction in adults: report of a case and review of literatures |journal=Int J Clin Exp Med |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=4715–7 |date=2015 |pmid=26064410 |pmc=4443244 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27073671">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang D, Li H, Gan W |title=Hydronephrosis associated with ureteral metastasis of prostate cancer: A rare case report |journal=Mol Clin Oncol |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=597–598 |date=April 2016 |pmid=27073671 |pmc=4812183 |doi=10.3892/mco.2016.775 |url=}}</ref>
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| |[[Ureter|Ureteral]] calculi | | |[[Ureter|Ureteral]] calculi |
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| Extrinsic [[Tumor|tumors]] and masses causing compression and [[hydronephrosis]] (eg, [[inguinal hernia]], retroperitoneal lymph nodes, retroperitoneal tumors, [[prostate cancer]], [[Cervical cancer|cervical]] and [[Endometrial cancer|endometrial tumors]] and [[Abdominal cancer|abdominal malignancies]]) | | Extrinsic [[Tumor|tumors]] and masses causing compression and [[hydronephrosis]] (eg, [[inguinal hernia]], retroperitoneal lymph nodes, retroperitoneal tumors, [[prostate cancer]], [[Cervical cancer|cervical]] and [[Endometrial cancer|endometrial tumors]] and [[Abdominal cancer|abdominal malignancies]]) |
| |- | | |- |
| |Bladder<ref name="pmid9817312">{{cite journal |vauthors=Haleblian GE, Skinner EC, Dickinson MG, Lieskovsky G, Boyd SD, Skinner DG |title=Hydronephrosis as a prognostic indicator in bladder cancer patients |journal=J. Urol. |volume=160 |issue=6 Pt 1 |pages=2011–4 |date=December 1998 |pmid=9817312 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25610281">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ofluoglu Y, Aydin HR, Kocaaslan R, Adanur S, Ziypak T |title=A cause of renal dysfunction: a giant bladder stone |journal=Eurasian J Med |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=211–3 |date=October 2013 |pmid=25610281 |pmc=4261423 |doi=10.5152/eajm.2013.41 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20955911">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gormley EA |title=Urologic complications of the neurogenic bladder |journal=Urol. Clin. North Am. |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=601–7 |date=November 2010 |pmid=20955911 |doi=10.1016/j.ucl.2010.07.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19838598">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hodges SJ, Patel B, McLorie G, Atala A |title=Posterior urethral valves |journal=ScientificWorldJournal |volume=9 |issue= |pages=1119–26 |date=October 2009 |pmid=19838598 |pmc=5823193 |doi=10.1100/tsw.2009.127 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22707903">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jung LY, Kang KP, Kim W, Park SK, Lee S |title=Masked hydronephrosis |journal=Korean J. Intern. Med. |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=244 |date=June 2012 |pmid=22707903 |pmc=3372815 |doi=10.3904/kjim.2012.27.2.244 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25506035">{{cite journal |vauthors=Efe E, Bakacak M, Serin S, Kolus E, Ercan O, Resim S |title=Hormonal treatment for severe hydronephrosis caused by bladder endometriosis |journal=Case Rep Urol |volume=2014 |issue= |pages=891295 |date=2014 |pmid=25506035 |pmc=4251884 |doi=10.1155/2014/891295 |url=}}</ref>
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| |Bladder cancer (eg, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder) | | |Bladder cancer (eg, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder) |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]
Overview
Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
OR
Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
OR
The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
OR
The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.
Causes
Life-threatening Causes
- Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of hydronephrosis, however complications resulting from untreated hydronephrosis are common.
Common Causes
The following table summarizes the common causes of hydronephrosis.
| Bladder cancer
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Stones in the bladder
Posterior urethral valves
Neurogenic bladder
|
| Ureteral calculi
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Blood clots retention
Transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter
Sloughed papilla and renal papillary necrosis
Infections
Ureteral strictures by trauma, iatrogenic injury, radiation
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction
Extrinsic tumors and masses causing compression and hydronephrosis (eg, inguinal hernia, retroperitoneal lymph nodes, retroperitoneal tumors, prostate cancer, cervical and endometrial tumors and abdominal malignancies)
|
| Bladder cancer (eg, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder)
Bladder calculi
Neurogenic bladder
Posterior urethral valves
Inflammation of the bladder (eg, radiation, endometriosis)
|
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of disease name include:
- [Cause1]
- [Cause2]
- [Cause3]
Drug Side Effects
Genetic Causes
- [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
|
No underlying causes
|
| Chemical/Poisoning
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dental
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dermatologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Drug Side Effect
|
No underlying causes
|
| Ear Nose Throat
|
No underlying causes
|
| Endocrine
|
No underlying causes
|
| Environmental
|
No underlying causes
|
| Gastroenterologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Genetic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Hematologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Iatrogenic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Infectious Disease
|
No underlying causes
|
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Neurologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Nutritional/Metabolic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Obstetric/Gynecologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Oncologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Ophthalmologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Overdose/Toxicity
|
No underlying causes
|
| Psychiatric
|
No underlying causes
|
| Pulmonary
|
No underlying causes
|
| Renal/Electrolyte
|
No underlying causes
|
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy
|
No underlying causes
|
| Sexual
|
No underlying causes
|
| Trauma
|
No underlying causes
|
| Urologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Miscellaneous
|
No underlying causes
|
Causes in Alphabetical Order
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{
columns-list}}.
3
References
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