Hypercalcemia risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | |||
Common risk factors in the development of hypercalcemia include [[postmenopausal]] women, age group 50-60 year, family history of hyperparathyroidism, history of familial syndromes. | |||
Common risk factors in the development of tertiary hyperparathyroidism post [[renal transplantation]] include elderly individuals and longer duration of [[dialysis]]. | |||
==Risk Factors== | ===Common Risk Factors=== | ||
* | Common risk factors in the development of hypercalcemia include: | ||
*[[Postmenopausal]] women | |||
*Age group 50-60 years | |||
*Family history of hyperparathyroidism | |||
*History of familial syndromes such as [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]], [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A|type 2A]] or [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4|type 4]]; [[familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia]], hyperparathyroid-jaw tumor syndrome | |||
Common risk factors in the development of hypercalcemia in chronic renal failure include:<ref name="pmid27446345">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wei Y, Lin J, Yang F, Li X, Hou Y, Lu R, Shi X, Liu Z, Du Y |title=Risk factors associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease |journal=Exp Ther Med |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=1206–1212 |year=2016 |pmid=27446345 |pmc=4950648 |doi=10.3892/etm.2016.3438 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Hyperphosphatemia|High serum phosphorus]] expression levels | |||
*Low serum [[creatinine]] expression levels | |||
*[[Hypocalcemia|Low serum calcium]] expression levels | |||
*Female gender | |||
*[[Hypertension]] | |||
Common risk factors in the development of hypercalcemia post [[Kidney transplantation|renal transplantation]] include:<ref name="pmid19587496">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hamidian Jahromi A, Roozbeh J, Raiss-Jalali GA, Dabaghmanesh A, Jalaeian H, Bahador A, Nikeghbalian S, Salehipour M, Salahi H, Malek-Hosseini A |title=Risk factors of post renal transplant hyperparathyroidism |journal=Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=573–6 |year=2009 |pmid=19587496 |doi= |url=http://www.sjkdt.org/article.asp?issn=1319-2442;year=2009;volume=20;issue=4;spage=573;epage=576;aulast=Jahromi}}</ref> | |||
*Elderly individuals | |||
*Longer duration of [[dialysis]] | |||
===Less Common Risk Factors=== | |||
Less common risk factors in the development of hypecalcemia include: | |||
*History of current or past [[lithium]] use<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szalat |first1=Auryan |last2=Mazeh |first2=Haggi |last3=Freund |first3=Herbert R |date=2009 |title=Lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism: report of four cases and review of the literature |url=http://www.eje-online.org/content/160/2/317.full.pdf |journal=European Journal of Endocrinology |volume=160 |issue= |pages=317–323 |doi= |access-date= }}</ref> | |||
*Exposure to head and neck [[radiation]] | |||
Less common risk factors in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in [[chronic renal failure]] include:<ref name="pmid27446345">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wei Y, Lin J, Yang F, Li X, Hou Y, Lu R, Shi X, Liu Z, Du Y |title=Risk factors associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease |journal=Exp Ther Med |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=1206–1212 |year=2016 |pmid=27446345 |pmc=4950648 |doi=10.3892/etm.2016.3438 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Acidosis]] | |||
*[[Anemia]] | |||
*[[Hyperlipidemia]] | |||
*Micro-[[inflammation]] ([[C reactive protein]]) | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of hypercalcemia include postmenopausal women, age group 50-60 year, family history of hyperparathyroidism, history of familial syndromes.
Common risk factors in the development of tertiary hyperparathyroidism post renal transplantation include elderly individuals and longer duration of dialysis.
Common Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of hypercalcemia include:
- Postmenopausal women
- Age group 50-60 years
- Family history of hyperparathyroidism
- History of familial syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, type 2A or type 4; familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, hyperparathyroid-jaw tumor syndrome
Common risk factors in the development of hypercalcemia in chronic renal failure include:[1]
- High serum phosphorus expression levels
- Low serum creatinine expression levels
- Low serum calcium expression levels
- Female gender
- Hypertension
Common risk factors in the development of hypercalcemia post renal transplantation include:[2]
- Elderly individuals
- Longer duration of dialysis
Less Common Risk Factors
Less common risk factors in the development of hypecalcemia include:
Less common risk factors in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure include:[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wei Y, Lin J, Yang F, Li X, Hou Y, Lu R, Shi X, Liu Z, Du Y (2016). "Risk factors associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease". Exp Ther Med. 12 (2): 1206–1212. doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3438. PMC 4950648. PMID 27446345.
- ↑ Hamidian Jahromi A, Roozbeh J, Raiss-Jalali GA, Dabaghmanesh A, Jalaeian H, Bahador A, Nikeghbalian S, Salehipour M, Salahi H, Malek-Hosseini A (2009). "Risk factors of post renal transplant hyperparathyroidism". Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 20 (4): 573–6. PMID 19587496.
- ↑ Szalat, Auryan; Mazeh, Haggi; Freund, Herbert R (2009). "Lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism: report of four cases and review of the literature" (PDF). European Journal of Endocrinology. 160: 317–323.