Acute kidney injury historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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===Discovery=== | ===Discovery=== | ||
It is really unclear when acute kidney injury or acute renal failure came to light as a separate disease entity. The first documented report of abrupt loss of renal function came from Beall et al in 1941 who described a man admitted to St. Thomas's Hospital after a crush injury to the leg in a bombing incident. They describe a course of rapidly progressive renal insufficiency with dark urine, edema, elevated potassium levels, and disorientation. <ref name="pmid20783578">{{cite journal| author=Beall D, Bywaters EG, Belsey RH, Miles JA| title=Crush Injury with Renal Failure. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1941 | volume= 1 | issue= 4185| pages= 432-4 | pmid=20783578 | doi= | pmc=PMC2161708 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20783578 }} </ref> | |||
The earliest definition came from Lucké in 1946 who described the histologic pathology we now know as acute tubular necrosis. The term ''lower nephron nephrosis'' was introduced and was later used to refer to abrupt renal failure secondary to excessive vomiting, thermal burns, crush injuries, hemolysis, and obstructive prostate disease.<ref name="pmid20276793">{{cite journal| author=LUCKE B| title=Lower nephron nephrosis; the renal lesions of the crush syndrome, of burns, transfusions, and other conditions affecting the lower segments of the nephrons. | journal=Mil Surg | year= 1946 | volume= 99 | issue= 5 | pages= 371-96 |pmid=20276793 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20276793}} </ref><ref name="pmid18892579">{{cite journal| author=STRAUSS MB| title=Acute renal insufficiency due to lower-nephron nephrosis. | journal=N Engl J Med |year= 1948 | volume= 239 | issue= 19 | pages= 693-700 | pmid=18892579 | doi=10.1056/NEJM194811042391901 | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18892579 }} </ref> The term slowly drifted to become acute renal failure to depict a clinical syndrome rather than a pathologic finding. Acute renal failure was then replaced by acute kidney injury in 2006 following a consensus that even minor changes in serum creatinine not necessarily overt failure can lead to significant changes in outcome. | |||
==Outbreaks== | ==Outbreaks== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Historical Perspective
Discovery
It is really unclear when acute kidney injury or acute renal failure came to light as a separate disease entity. The first documented report of abrupt loss of renal function came from Beall et al in 1941 who described a man admitted to St. Thomas's Hospital after a crush injury to the leg in a bombing incident. They describe a course of rapidly progressive renal insufficiency with dark urine, edema, elevated potassium levels, and disorientation. [1]
The earliest definition came from Lucké in 1946 who described the histologic pathology we now know as acute tubular necrosis. The term lower nephron nephrosis was introduced and was later used to refer to abrupt renal failure secondary to excessive vomiting, thermal burns, crush injuries, hemolysis, and obstructive prostate disease.[2][3] The term slowly drifted to become acute renal failure to depict a clinical syndrome rather than a pathologic finding. Acute renal failure was then replaced by acute kidney injury in 2006 following a consensus that even minor changes in serum creatinine not necessarily overt failure can lead to significant changes in outcome.
Outbreaks
- There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], which are summarized below:
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
Impact on Cultural History
Famous Cases
- The following are a few famous cases of disease name:
References
- ↑ Beall D, Bywaters EG, Belsey RH, Miles JA (1941). "Crush Injury with Renal Failure". Br Med J. 1 (4185): 432–4. PMC 2161708. PMID 20783578 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ LUCKE B (1946). "Lower nephron nephrosis; the renal lesions of the crush syndrome, of burns, transfusions, and other conditions affecting the lower segments of the nephrons". Mil Surg. 99 (5): 371–96. PMID 20276793.
- ↑ STRAUSS MB (1948). "Acute renal insufficiency due to lower-nephron nephrosis". N Engl J Med. 239 (19): 693–700. doi:10.1056/NEJM194811042391901. PMID 18892579.