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==Common Symptoms==  
==Common Symptoms==  
Symptoms of multiple myeloma include:<ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref> PMID:24130968  PMID:26294217
Symptoms of multiple myeloma include:<ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref> PMID:24130968  PMID:26294217 PMID:24614435
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Revision as of 07:52, 2 July 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]

Overview

The most common symptoms of multiple myeloma include bone pain, pallor, and fatigue.[1][2][3] However, the presenting symptoms of multiple myeloma may vary greatly due to involvement of many organ systems. The common symptoms of multiple myeloma can be remembered by the mnemonic CRAB - C = Calcium (elevated), R = Renal failure, A = Anemia, B = Bone lesions.[4][2][3]

History

  • When evaluating a patient for multiple myeloma, you should take a detailed history of the presenting symptom (duration, onset, progression), other associated symptoms, and a thorough medication review. Other specific areas of focus when obtaining the history are outlined below:[5]
    • Review past medical history for other plasma cell diseases
    • Review family history for members with positive history of the disease
    • Review occupational history related to farming or oil industry
    • Review any exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals

Common Symptoms

Symptoms of multiple myeloma include:[1][2][3] PMID:24130968 PMID:26294217 PMID:24614435

  • Usually involves the spine and ribs, and worsens with activity
  • Persistent localized pain may indicate a pathological bone fracture
  • Neurological symptoms
  • Bone marrow failure related symptoms
  • Easy bruising, nosebleeds, bleeding gums due to thrombocytopenia
  • Fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness and paleness due to anemia
  • Recurrent infections due to decreased white blood cell count.
  • Lower limb edema due to renal involvement

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  4. ↑ International Myeloma Working Group. Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group. Br J Haematol 2003;121:749-57. PMID 12780789.
  5. ↑ Multiple myeloma. MedlinePlus (2015)http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Multiple_myeloma_risk_factors&action=edit&section=2 Accessed on Septmeber, 20th 2015


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