Hypercalcemia history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
*Neck [[radiation]] | *Neck [[radiation]] | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
"Bones, stones, groans, and psychic moans" is a saying which will help you remember the signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia; if it is chronic it can result in urinary calculi ([[kidney stones|renal stones]] or bladder stones). Abnormal [[cardiac arrhythmia|heart rhythms]] can result, and [[EKG]] findings of a short [[QT interval]] and a widened T wave suggest hypercalcemia. | "Bones, stones, groans, and psychic moans" is a saying which will help you remember the signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia; if it is chronic it can result in urinary calculi ([[kidney stones|renal stones]] or bladder stones). Abnormal [[cardiac arrhythmia|heart rhythms]] can result, and [[EKG]] findings of a short [[QT interval]] and a widened T wave suggest hypercalcemia.<ref name="pmid21369510">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elaraj DM, Clark OH |title=Current status and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism |journal=Perm J |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=32–7 |year=2008 |pmid=21369510 |pmc=3042336 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
Symptoms are more common at high calcium [[blood values]] (12.0 mg/dL or 3 mmol/l). Severe hypercalcemia (above 15-16 mg/dL or 3.75-4 mmol/l) is considered a [[medical emergency]]: at these levels, [[coma]] and [[cardiac arrest]] can result. | Symptoms are more common at high calcium [[blood values]] (12.0 mg/dL or 3 mmol/l). Severe hypercalcemia (above 15-16 mg/dL or 3.75-4 mmol/l) is considered a [[medical emergency]]: at these levels, [[coma]] and [[cardiac arrest]] can result. | ||
Hypercalcemia ''per se'' can result in: | Hypercalcemia ''per se'' can result in:<ref name="pmid89648253">{{cite journal |vauthors=Silverberg SJ, Bilezikian JP |title=Evaluation and management of primary hyperparathyroidism |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=81 |issue=6 |pages=2036–40 |year=1996 |pmid=8964825 |doi=10.1210/jcem.81.6.8964825 |url=https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/jcem/81/6/10.1210_jcem.81.6.8964825/1/jcem2036.pdf?Expires=1503692700&Signature=ZNJlqTCdoYB5YdpmMh2WawXE72llaZteGxPuWfREgVRKpx00WZxZ-UZdwfpk6LuPTdlWsh-Elc5Alf7JEW33H8tWVcfm7I-98XhVtwcWTBJzlm1TNVCrIeJ4eHKOS7ZEXCrDbyd33oACDzrKbod5FXSntDTBDOk2wlQiFJrIoZY~qDT82PcdGRmso9OOGmCtogJWLfOPLHGc6bDwvb8zrCK~itTf5PvHhAt-VN100iBDq~NwqRCmWPpMiE3yljADv7fw8Fo58JBz~QjiVc58JWSF2fRieodJYYInHaarbeMf4atxgXh6yyET0UFtl74i4IfdFFI0RMHoZR50XfUw9g__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIUCZBIA4LVPAVW3Q}}</ref> | ||
* [[Fatigue (physical)|Fatigue]] | * [[Fatigue (physical)|Fatigue]] | ||
* [[Clinical depression|Depression]] | * [[Clinical depression|Depression]] | ||
| Line 54: | Line 54: | ||
* [[Hyporeflexia]] | * [[Hyporeflexia]] | ||
* [[Polyuria]] | * [[Polyuria]] | ||
* | * Shortened QT interval | ||
* [[Pancreatitis]] | * [[Pancreatitis]] | ||
* [[Psychosis]] | * [[Psychosis]] | ||
* [[Depression]] | * [[Depression]] | ||
* [[Anxiety]] | * [[Anxiety]] | ||
* [[Constipation]] | |||
*[[Constipation]] | |||
*[[Decreased libido]] | *[[Decreased libido]] | ||
*[[arterial hypertension|Hypertension]] | *[[arterial hypertension|Hypertension]] | ||
*Heart [[palpitations]] which are often due to bouts of [[atrial fibrillation]] | *Heart [[palpitations]] which are often due to bouts of [[atrial fibrillation]] | ||
*[[gastroesophageal reflux disease|Gastroesophageal reflux]] | *[[gastroesophageal reflux disease|Gastroesophageal reflux]] | ||
| Line 89: | Line 67: | ||
*[[Loss of appetite]] | *[[Loss of appetite]] | ||
*[[Left ventricular hypertrophy]] | *[[Left ventricular hypertrophy]] | ||
*[[Polydipsia]] | *[[Polydipsia]] | ||
*Thinning of hair | *Thinning of hair | ||
Revision as of 15:33, 3 July 2018
|
Hypercalcemia Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Hypercalcemia On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hypercalcemia |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
History and Symptoms
The symptoms of hypercalcemia are same irrespective of etiology. Neurological symptoms are common in hypercalcemia as normal neurological processes requires optimal serum extracellular concentration.[1]
History
Although majority of patients with hypercalcemia have non-specific history but a detailed and thorough history from the patient is necessary. The patient may have a positive history of:[2]
- Kidney stones
- Bone pain and tenderness
- Fragile bones of the limbs and spine that can break easily
- Frequent and excessive urination
- Gastrointestinal symptoms like epigastric pain, constipation, indigestion, nausea, and vomiting
- Feeling tired, ill, and weak
- Depression and memory disturbances
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Chronic renal failure in case secondary hyperparathyroidism is suspected
- Renal transplant in case tertiary hyperparathyroidism is suspected
- Use of medications including thiazide diuretics and lithium.
- Neck radiation
Symptoms
"Bones, stones, groans, and psychic moans" is a saying which will help you remember the signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia; if it is chronic it can result in urinary calculi (renal stones or bladder stones). Abnormal heart rhythms can result, and EKG findings of a short QT interval and a widened T wave suggest hypercalcemia.[3]
Symptoms are more common at high calcium blood values (12.0 mg/dL or 3 mmol/l). Severe hypercalcemia (above 15-16 mg/dL or 3.75-4 mmol/l) is considered a medical emergency: at these levels, coma and cardiac arrest can result.
Hypercalcemia per se can result in:[4]
Complete List of Possible Symptoms
- Renal stones
- Headaches
- Bone pain and/or weakness
- Abdominal pain
- Confusion
- Nausea/vomiting
- Constipation
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Hallucinations
- Bradycardia
- Insulin resistance
- Glucose intolerance
- Muscle weakness
- Hyporeflexia
- Polyuria
- Shortened QT interval
- Pancreatitis
- Psychosis
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Constipation
- Decreased libido
- Hypertension
- Heart palpitations which are often due to bouts of atrial fibrillation
- Gastroesophageal reflux
- Lack of concentration
- Loss of appetite
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
- Polydipsia
- Thinning of hair
References
- ↑ Iacovelli E, Gilio F, Mascia ML, Scillitani A, Romagnoli E, Pichiorri F; et al. (2011). "Acute and chronic effects of hypercalcaemia on cortical excitability as studied by 5 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation". J Physiol. 589 (Pt 7): 1619–26. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.201111. PMC 3099019. PMID 21300754.
- ↑ Silverberg SJ, Bilezikian JP (1996). "Evaluation and management of primary hyperparathyroidism" (PDF). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81 (6): 2036–40. doi:10.1210/jcem.81.6.8964825. PMID 8964825.
- ↑ Elaraj DM, Clark OH (2008). "Current status and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism". Perm J. 12 (1): 32–7. PMC 3042336. PMID 21369510.
- ↑ Silverberg SJ, Bilezikian JP (1996). "Evaluation and management of primary hyperparathyroidism" (PDF). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81 (6): 2036–40. doi:10.1210/jcem.81.6.8964825. PMID 8964825.