Hyperkalemia causes: Difference between revisions
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===Life Threatening Causes=== | ===Life Threatening Causes=== | ||
Hyperkalemia is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes. Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated..<ref name="pmid11095656">{{cite journal| author=De Nicola L, Bellizzi V, Minutolo R, Cioffi M, Giannattasio P, Terracciano V et al.| title=Effect of dialysate sodium concentration on interdialytic increase of potassium. | journal=J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2000 | volume= 11 | issue= 12 | pages= 2337-43 | pmid=11095656 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11095656 | *Hyperkalemia is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes. Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated..<ref name="pmid11095656">{{cite journal| author=De Nicola L, Bellizzi V, Minutolo R, Cioffi M, Giannattasio P, Terracciano V et al.| title=Effect of dialysate sodium concentration on interdialytic increase of potassium. | journal=J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2000 | volume= 11 | issue= 12 | pages= 2337-43 | pmid=11095656 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11095656 }} </ref> | ||
===Common Causes=== | |||
The most common causes of hyperkalemia include:<ref name="pmid18839206">{{cite journal| author=Wang WH, Giebisch G| title=Regulation of potassium (K) handling in the renal collecting duct. | journal=Pflugers Arch | year= 2009 | volume= 458 | issue= 1 | pages= 157-68 | pmid=18839206 | doi=10.1007/s00424-008-0593-3 | pmc=2730119 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18839206 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21170894">{{cite journal| author=Giebisch GH, Wang WH| title=Potassium transport--an update. | journal=J Nephrol | year= 2010 | volume= 23 Suppl 16 | issue= | pages= S97-104 | pmid=21170894 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21170894 }} </ref> | |||
* [[ACE inhibitors]] | * [[ACE inhibitors]] | ||
* [[Acidosis]] | * [[Acidosis]] | ||
Revision as of 17:29, 13 July 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3], Mahmoud Sakr, M.D. [4]
Overview
Hyperkalemia is an elevated blood level (above 5.0 mmol/L) of the electrolyte potassium. The prefix hyper- means high (contrast with hypo-, meaning low). The middle kal refers to kalium, which is Latin for potassium. The end portion of the word, -emia, means "in the blood". Extreme degrees of hyperkalemia are considered a medical emergency due to the risk of potentially fatal arrhythmias.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
- Hyperkalemia is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes. Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated..[1]
Common Causes
The most common causes of hyperkalemia include:[2][3]
- ACE inhibitors
- Acidosis
- Addisonian crisis
- Beta blockers
- Blood transfusion
- Cirrhosis
- Diabetic nephropathy
- High potassium diet
- Malnutrition
- Renal tubular acidosis
- Renal failure
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ De Nicola L, Bellizzi V, Minutolo R, Cioffi M, Giannattasio P, Terracciano V; et al. (2000). "Effect of dialysate sodium concentration on interdialytic increase of potassium". J Am Soc Nephrol. 11 (12): 2337–43. PMID 11095656.
- ↑ Wang WH, Giebisch G (2009). "Regulation of potassium (K) handling in the renal collecting duct". Pflugers Arch. 458 (1): 157–68. doi:10.1007/s00424-008-0593-3. PMC 2730119. PMID 18839206.
- ↑ Giebisch GH, Wang WH (2010). "Potassium transport--an update". J Nephrol. 23 Suppl 16: S97–104. PMID 21170894.
- ↑ Sevastos N et al. (2006) Pseudohyperkalemia in serum: the phenomenon and its clinical magnitude. J Lab Clin Med, 147(3):139-44; PMID 16503244.
- ↑ Don BR et al. (1990) Pseudohyperkalemia caused by fist clenching during phlebotomy. N Engl J Med, 322(18):1290-2; PMID 2325722.
- ↑ Iolascon A et al. (1999) Familial pseudohyperkalemia maps to the same locus as dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis. Blood, 93(9):3120-3; PMID 10216110.