Membranous glomerulonephritis overview

Membranous glomerulonephritis Microchapters
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Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Membranous glomerulonephritis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
CT
Ultrasound
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Historical Perspective

• Membranous glomerulonephritis was first discovered by David Jones, renal pathologist from Syracuse University in New York, in 1957.

Classification

• There is no established system for the classification of MGN. however it can be divided in two groups based on etiology of MGN.

Pathophysiology

• It is thought that MGN is mediated by genetic factors and environmental factors.

Causes

• The main causes of Membranous Glomerulonephritis are Infectious causes like Hepatitis B, drugs like captopril and autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus.

Differentiating Hereditary pancreatitis from Other Diseases

• MGN must be differentiated from other diseases that cause proteinuria, weight loss, and renal failure, such as MPGN, MCD, and FSGC.

Epidemiology and Demographics

• The Incidence rate of Membranous Glomerulonephritis is 27 per 100.000.
• The Prevalence rate of Membranous Glomerulonephritis is 690 per 100,000

Risk Factors

• The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is drugs. Other risk factors include penicilliamine and captopril.

Screening

• There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for membranous glomerulonephritis.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

• Common complications of membranous glomerulonephritis include renal failure.

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

• The most efficient and sensitive test is ANA, ds-DNA antibodies specific test that is utilized for diagnosis of membranous glomerulonephritis.
• The gold standard test for the diagnosis of biopsy.

History and Symptoms

• The hallmark of membranous glomerulonephritis is nephrotic syndrome. A positive history of forthy urine and headache are suggestive of membranous glomerulonephritis.

Physical Examination

• Common physical examination findings of membranous glomerulonephritis include edematous feets and headache.

Laboratory Findings

• The major laboratory workup includes blood workup, auto-immune workup and urine workup.

Electrocardiogram

• There are no ECG findings associated with membranous glomerulonephritis.

X-ray

• There are no x-ray findings associated with membranous glomerulonephritis.

Ultrasound

• There are no echocardiography and ultrasound findings associated with membranous glomerulonephritis.

CT scan

• There are no CT scan findings associated with membranous glomerulonephritis.

MRI

• There are no MRI findings associated with membranous glomerulonephritis.

Other Imaging Findings

• There are no other imaging findings associated with membranous glomerulonephritis

Other Diagnostic Studies

• The patients with compromised renal functions are indicated for biopsy

Treatment

Medical Therapy

• lipid lowering and Anticoagulation for better blood flow.
• Diuretics to reduce edema.
• Angiotensin inhibition
• ACE inhibitor or an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) are recomended to reduce renal vascular damage.

Surgery

• Surgery is not the first-line treatment option for patients with MGN. Surgery is usually reserved for patients requiring renal transplant.

Primary Prevention

• There are no established measures for the primary prevention of MGN.

Secondary Prevention

• There are no established measures for the secondary prevention of MGN.

References

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