Spinal stenosis causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Spinal stenosis}}
{{Spinal}}
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MMJ}}
 
==Overview==
==Overview==
The main causes of cervical spinal stenosis include cervical [[spondylosis]], diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), or [[calcium|calcification]] of the posterior longitudinal ligament. The main causes of lumbar spinal stenosis include [[Organ hypertrophy|hypertrophy]] of the facet joints or [[osteoarthritis]], [[spondylolisthesis]], diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), and [[degenerative disc disease]].  
Common causes of spinal stenosis include [[trauma]], [[Spinal tumor|primary or metastatic spinal tumor]], intervertebral disk herniation, [[epidural abscess]], and [[epidural hematoma]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
Spinal stenosis typically develops as a person ages and the disks become drier and start to shrink. At the same time, the bones and ligaments of the spine swell or grow larger due to [[arthritis]] or [[chronic]] [[inflammation]].
Common causes of acute spinal stenosis include <ref name="pmid22330108">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kirshblum SC, Burns SP, Biering-Sorensen F, Donovan W, Graves DE, Jha A, Johansen M, Jones L, Krassioukov A, Mulcahey MJ, Schmidt-Read M, Waring W |title=International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011) |journal=J Spinal Cord Med |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=535–46 |year=2011 |pmid=22330108 |pmc=3232636 |doi=10.1179/204577211X13207446293695 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Trauma]]
*[[Spinal tumor|Tumor]] (primary or secondary)<ref name="pmid21119283">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kumar S, Wanchu A, Sharma A, Mukherjee K, Radotra BD, Gupta V, Singh S |title=Spinal stenosis caused by anaplastic large cell lymphoma in an HIV infected individual |journal=J Cancer Res Ther |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=376–8 |year=2010 |pmid=21119283 |doi=10.4103/0973-1482.73358 |url=}}</ref>
**Secondary tumors: [[lung cancer]], [[breast cancer]], [[prostate cancer]], or [[renal cancer]]. [[Sarcoma]], [[myeloma]], [[leukemia]], [[thyroid cancer]], [[lymphoma]], [[melanoma]], and [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal malignancies]] can also cause [[spinal stenosis]]
*Intervertebral disk disease
*[[Scoliosis]]
*[[Compression fracture|Vertebral compression fractures]]
*[[Epidural abscess]]
*[[Epidural hematoma]]<ref name="pmid10413354">{{cite journal |vauthors=Castel E, Lazennec JY, Chiras J, Enkaoua E, Saillant G |title=Acute spinal stenosis due to intraspinal bleeding from a vertebral hemangioma: two case-reports |journal=Eur Spine J |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=244–8 |year=1999 |pmid=10413354 |pmc=3611171 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15363434">{{cite journal |vauthors=Templin CR, Stambough JB, Stambough JL |title=Acute spinal stenosis caused by vertebral hemangioma |journal=Spine J |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=595–600 |year=2004 |pmid=15363434 |doi=10.1016/j.spinee.2003.08.034 |url=}}</ref>
Less common causes are:
* [[Neurocysticercosis]]


However, other problems, including infection and birth defects, can sometimes cause spinal stenosis.
== References ==
 
{{reflist|2}}
Spinal stenosis may be caused by:
 
* Arthritis involving the spine, usually in middle-aged or elderly people
* Herniated or slipped disk, which often occurred in the past
* Injury that causes pressure on the nerve roots or the [[spinal cord]] itself
* Defect in the spine that was present from birth (congenital defect)
* Tumors in the spine
* Bone diseases, such as [[Paget's disease]] of bone and [[achondroplasia]]


==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
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[[Category:Skeletal disorders]]
 
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Orthopedics]]
[[Category:Oncology stub]]
[[Category:Needs Overview]]
[[Category:Medical emergencies]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Needs content]]

Revision as of 14:15, 19 July 2018

NOTOC__ Template:Spinal Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

Common causes of spinal stenosis include trauma, primary or metastatic spinal tumor, intervertebral disk herniation, epidural abscess, and epidural hematoma.

Causes

Common causes of acute spinal stenosis include [1]

Less common causes are:

References

  1. ↑ Kirshblum SC, Burns SP, Biering-Sorensen F, Donovan W, Graves DE, Jha A, Johansen M, Jones L, Krassioukov A, Mulcahey MJ, Schmidt-Read M, Waring W (2011). "International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011)". J Spinal Cord Med. 34 (6): 535–46. doi:10.1179/204577211X13207446293695. PMC 3232636. PMID 22330108.
  2. ↑ Kumar S, Wanchu A, Sharma A, Mukherjee K, Radotra BD, Gupta V, Singh S (2010). "Spinal stenosis caused by anaplastic large cell lymphoma in an HIV infected individual". J Cancer Res Ther. 6 (3): 376–8. doi:10.4103/0973-1482.73358. PMID 21119283.
  3. ↑ Castel E, Lazennec JY, Chiras J, Enkaoua E, Saillant G (1999). "Acute spinal stenosis due to intraspinal bleeding from a vertebral hemangioma: two case-reports". Eur Spine J. 8 (3): 244–8. PMC 3611171. PMID 10413354.
  4. ↑ Templin CR, Stambough JB, Stambough JL (2004). "Acute spinal stenosis caused by vertebral hemangioma". Spine J. 4 (5): 595–600. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2003.08.034. PMID 15363434.

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