Differentiating etiologies of Hypernatremia: Difference between revisions
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|<nowiki>Desmopressin stimulation test: Not significant change in urine osmolality</nowiki> | |<nowiki>Desmopressin stimulation test: Not significant change in urine osmolality</nowiki> | ||
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!'''[[Heat strock]]<ref name="pmid26195098">{{cite journal |vauthors=Morley JE |title=Dehydration, Hypernatremia, and Hyponatremia |journal=Clin. Geriatr. Med. |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=389–99 |date=August 2015 |pmid=26195098 |doi=10.1016/j.cger.2015.04.007 |url=}}</ref>''' | !'''[[Heat strock]]<ref name="pmid26195098">{{cite journal |vauthors=Morley JE |title=Dehydration, Hypernatremia, and Hyponatremia |journal=Clin. Geriatr. Med. |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=389–99 |date=August 2015 |pmid=26195098 |doi=10.1016/j.cger.2015.04.007 |url=}}</ref>''' | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aida Javanbakht, M.D.
Overview
Hypernatremia must be differentiated from other diseases that cause
Differentiating Hypernatremia from other Diseases
| Disease | Clinical manifestations | Paraclinical Findings | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms and Signs | Lab Findings | ||||||||||
| Confusion/ Irritable | Urine output | Vomiting/ Diarrhea | Volume status | Seizure | Blood pressure | Dry mucous membranes | Other | ||||
| Urine Osm | Serum Na | Other | |||||||||
| Central diabetes insipidus[1] | + | Polyuria | - | Hypovolemic | + | Could be high | + | - | <250 mOsm/kg | May be >170 mEq/L | Low arginin vasopressin level |
| Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic[2] | + | Polyuria | - | Hypovolemic | + | Could be low | + | Abdominal pain | Could be normal | May be >145 mEq/L | Elevated serum glucose level and creatinine |
| Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus | + | Polyuria | - | Hypovolemic | + | Could be low | + | History of taking Gentamicin, Lithium, Rifampin | <250 mOsm/kg | May be >170 mEq/L | Desmopressin stimulation test: Not significant change in urine osmolality |
| GI loss[3] | + | Oligouria | + | Hypovolemic | + | Could be low | + | History of contact with infected food or peaople | <250 mOsm/kg | May be >145 mEq/L | Desmopressin stimulation test: Not significant change in urine osmolality |
| Heat strock[4] | + | oligouria | - | Hypovolemic | + | Could be low | + | Suken eye, Sweating | >250 mOsm/kg | May be >145 mEq/L | Hypokalemia |
| Essential hypernatremia( primary hypodipsia)[5] | - | Oligouria | - | Hypovolemic | - | Could be low | + | - | >250 mOsm/kg | May be >145 mEq/L | Low arginin vasopressin level |
| Cushing syndrome[6] | + | Polyuria | - | Hypervolemia | + | Could be high | + | Moon face, truncal obesity | Could be normal | May be >145 mEq/L | 24-hour urinary free cortisol test: >50 microgram |
| Loop and Osmotic Diuretic[7] | + | Polyuria | - | Hypovolemic | + | Could be low | + | Sunken eye | Could be normal | May be >145 mEq/L | Hypokalemia might be seen |
References
- ↑ Arndt C, Wulf H (May 2016). "[Hypernatremia - Diagnostics and therapy]". Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther (in German). 51 (5): 308–15. doi:10.1055/s-0041-107265. PMID 27213601.
- ↑ Vigil D, Ganta K, Sun Y, Dorin RI, Tzamaloukas AH, Servilla KS (May 2015). "Prolonged hypernatremia triggered by hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state with coma: A case report". World J Nephrol. 4 (2): 319–23. doi:10.5527/wjn.v4.i2.319. PMC 4419143. PMID 25949947.
- ↑ Chisti MJ, Ahmed T, Ahmed AM, Sarker SA, Faruque AS, Islam MM, Huq S, Shahrin L, Bardhan PK, Salam MA (June 2016). "Hypernatremia in Children With Diarrhea: Presenting Features, Management, Outcome, and Risk Factors for Death". Clin Pediatr (Phila). 55 (7): 654–63. doi:10.1177/0009922815627346. PMID 26810623.
- ↑ Morley JE (August 2015). "Dehydration, Hypernatremia, and Hyponatremia". Clin. Geriatr. Med. 31 (3): 389–99. doi:10.1016/j.cger.2015.04.007. PMID 26195098.
- ↑ Ramthun M, Mocelin AJ, Alvares Delfino VD (August 2011). "Hypernatremia secondary to post-stroke hypodipsia: just add water!". NDT Plus. 4 (4): 236–7. doi:10.1093/ndtplus/sfr057. PMC 4421453. PMID 25949488.
- ↑ Sistac JM, Poveda O, García N, Martínez J, Romagosa A (October 2001). "[Postoperative accidental hypernatremia in a patient with Cushing's syndrome]". Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (in Spanish; Castilian). 48 (8): 398–9. PMID 11674992.
- ↑ Khow KS, Lau SY, Li JY, Yong TY (March 2014). "Diuretic-associated electrolyte disorders in the elderly: risk factors, impact, management and prevention". Curr Drug Saf. 9 (1): 2–15. PMID 24410347.