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| ==Causes== | | ==Causes== |
| Pseudotumor cerebri may be caused by: | | Pseudotumor cerebri may be caused by: |
| # Increased production of CSF and reduced resorption: Normal CSF flow involves production at the [[choroid plexus]]es and absorption at the cranial and [[spinal nerve]] root arachnoid villi and granulations. Impaired CSF absorption at the [[superior sagittal sinus]] or along the spinal nerve roots could therefore explain IIH and has been documented in 75-100% of IIH patients.<ref name="Skau_et_al_2006" /> Permeability along the blood-CSF barrier varies, producing an increasing [[oncotic pressure]] gradient between the CSF and venous system in a [[rostral]] to [[caudal]] progression.<ref name="Walker_2001">{{cite journal |author=Walker RW |title=Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: any light on the mechanism of the raised pressure? |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. |volume=71 |issue=1 |pages=1–5 |year=2001 |pmid=11413251 |url = http://jnnp.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/71/1/1}}</ref> It is speculated that variations in this oncotic pressure contribute to or impede CSF absorption.<ref name="Skau_et_al_2006" /> | | # Intracranial venous outflow obstruction (venous sinus thrombosis, head trauma, polycythemia, thrombocytosis) |
| # obesity: Some evidences suggest that onesity can increase intra abdominal and intra cranial pressure and have a role in pathogenesis of IHH.<ref name="pmid9270586">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sugerman HJ, DeMaria EJ, Felton WL, Nakatsuka M, Sismanis A |title=Increased intra-abdominal pressure and cardiac filling pressures in obesity-associated pseudotumor cerebri |journal=Neurology |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=507–11 |date=August 1997 |pmid=9270586 |doi= |url=}}</ref> In a study on 7 obese women with IHH it was seen that weith loss improved their symptoms.<ref name="pmid11319651">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sugerman HJ, Felton III WL, Sismanis A, Saggi BH, Doty JM, Blocher C, Marmarou A, Makhoul RG |title=Continuous negative abdominal pressure device to treat pseudotumor cerebri |journal=Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=486–90 |date=April 2001 |pmid=11319651 |doi= |url=}}</ref> In the other hand higher level of leptin (a protein released from adipose tissue) was found in IHH patiets.<ref name="pmid11971053">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lampl Y, Eshel Y, Kessler A, Fux A, Gilad R, Boaz M, Matas Z, Sadeh M |title=Serum leptin level in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=642–3 |date=May 2002 |pmid=11971053 |pmc=1737898 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | | # Endocrine dysfunction (obesity, cessation of corticosteroid therapy, Addison disease, hypoparathyroidism) |
| # Vitamin A intoxication: There are some evidences of higher serum and CSF level of vitamin A, retinol and retinol binding protein can be related to IHH pathogenesis.<ref name="pmid10496276">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jacobson DM, Berg R, Wall M, Digre KB, Corbett JJ, Ellefson RD |title=Serum vitamin A concentration is elevated in idiopathic intracranial hypertension |journal=Neurology |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=1114–8 |date=September 1999 |pmid=10496276 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | | # Vitamin/drug (growth hormone, hypervitaminosis A, tetracycline, minocycline, nalidixic acid) |
| | | # Other (chronic hypercapnia, severe right heart failure, chronic meningitis, hypertensive encephalopathy, severe iron deficiency anemia) |
| | # Idiopathic |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Causes
Pseudotumor cerebri may be caused by:
- Intracranial venous outflow obstruction (venous sinus thrombosis, head trauma, polycythemia, thrombocytosis)
- Endocrine dysfunction (obesity, cessation of corticosteroid therapy, Addison disease, hypoparathyroidism)
- Vitamin/drug (growth hormone, hypervitaminosis A, tetracycline, minocycline, nalidixic acid)
- Other (chronic hypercapnia, severe right heart failure, chronic meningitis, hypertensive encephalopathy, severe iron deficiency anemia)
- Idiopathic
References
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